Journals / Cukurova Medical Journal / 2019 / Cilt: 44 - Sayı: 2

Morphological evaluation of terminal branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland in fetus cadavers

Fetus kadavralarında parotid bez içerisindeki fasiyal sinirin terminal dallarının morfolojik değerlendirilmesi

Pages
509–516
Publication Date
2019-06-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The mean total number of nerve terminal branches was 7.90 ± 1.49.Conclusion: Investigation outcomes presented in this study have defined branching pattern and anatomical variations of the facial nerve branches and can be assist with the protection of the nerve during surgical procedures and prevent surgery-associated damage to the nerve, and thus facial paralysis.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Purpose: The aim of present study was to describe the branching pattern of the facial nerve according to interconnections between the branches, to examine the number of terminal branches, to determine anatomical variations and to emphasize the importance of these in terms of pediatric parotid surgery.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two parotid regions from eight female and eight male fetus cadavers (gestational ages between 21.0 and 35.5 weeks according to foot lengths) were dissected.
📊
Key Findings & Data:But, we encountered interconnections between facial nerve branches that were not mentioned previously and the branching patterns formed by these interconnections were named as Type x and Type y.Results: Out of the total 32 cases, 13 (40.63 %) were Type I, 7 (21.88 %) were Type II, 3 (9.38 %) were Type III and 5 (15.63 %) were Type VI.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The mean total number of nerve terminal branches was 7.90 ± 1.49.Conclusion: Investigation outcomes presented in this study have defined branching pattern and anatomical variations of the facial nerve branches and can be assist with the protection of the nerve during surgical procedures and prevent surgery-associated damage to the nerve, and thus facial paralysis.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Fasiyal Sinir · anatomik varyasyon · fasiyal sinirin dallanma şekli

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of present study was to describe the branching pattern of the facial nerve according to interconnections between the branches, to examine the number of terminal branches, to determine anatomical variations and to emphasize the importance of these in terms of pediatric parotid surgery.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two parotid regions from eight female and eight male fetus cadavers (gestational ages between 21.0 and 35.5 weeks according to foot lengths) were dissected. The branching pattern of the facial nerve, terminal branch numbers and interconnections between the branches were examined and described. In present study, the facial nerve was classified using Davis et al.’ classification. But, we encountered interconnections between facial nerve branches that were not mentioned previously and the branching patterns formed by these interconnections were named as Type x and Type y.Results: Out of the total 32 cases, 13 (40.63 %) were Type I, 7 (21.88 %) were Type II, 3 (9.38 %) were Type III and 5 (15.63 %) were Type VI. Type IV and Type V were not encountered. Type x were in 2 (6.25 %) cases and Type y were in 2 (6.25 %) cases. The mean total number of nerve terminal branches was 7.90 ± 1.49.Conclusion: Investigation outcomes presented in this study have defined branching pattern and anatomical variations of the facial nerve branches and can be assist with the protection of the nerve during surgical procedures and prevent surgery-associated damage to the nerve, and thus facial paralysis.

Özet

Amaç:Bu çalışma fasiyal sinirin dallanma şeklini dalları arasındaki bağlantılara göre tanımlamak, terminal dal sayısını incelemek, anatomik varyasyonlarını belirlemek ve parotid cerrahisi açısından önemini vurgulamak için yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem:8 kadın ve 8 erkek fetus kadavrasının (ayak uzunluklarına göre, yaşları 21.0 ile 35.5 gestasyonel hafta arasında) 32 parotid bölgesi diseke edildi. Fasiyal sinirin dallanma şekli, terminal dal sayısı ve dalları arasındaki bağlantılar incelendi, tanımlandı. Bu çalışmada, fasiyal sinir Davis ve ark.’nın sınıflandırmasına göre sınıflandırıldı. Fakat, fasiyal sinirin dalları arasında daha önce bahsedilmeyen bağlantılarla karşılaşıldı ve bu bağlantıların oluşturduğu dallanma şekilleri Tip x ve Tip y olarak adlandırıldı. Bulgular:Davis ve ark.’nın sınıflandırmasına göre, 32 vakanın 13 (%40.63)’ü Tip I, 7 (%21.88)’si Tip II, 3 (%9.38)’ü Tip III ve 5 (%15.63)’I Tip VI idi. Tip IV ve Tip V tanımlanmadı. Tip x, 2 (%6.25) vakada ve Tip y de 2 (%6.25) vakada tanımlandı. Fasiyal sinirin terminal dallarının ortalama sayısı 7.90 ± 1.49 (6-11) idi.Sonuç:Çalışmadan elde edilen araştırma sonuçları fasiyal sinirin dallanma şeklini ve anatomik varyasyonlarını tanımlayarak cerrahi müdahalelerde sinirin korunmasına yardımcı olabilir, cerrahi ile ilişkili sinir hasarını ve dolayısıyla da fasiyal paraliziyi önleyebilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÖKSÜZ, C. E., KALAYCIOĞLU, A., UZUN, Ö., KALKIŞIM, Ş. N. (2019). Morphological evaluation of terminal branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland in fetus cadavers. Cukurova Medical Journal, Cilt: 44 - Sayı: 2, 509–516. https://ajindex.com/articles/56441

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (16)

  1. Gasser RF. The early development of the parotid gland around the facial nerve and its branches in man. Anat Rec. 1970;167:63-77
  2. Cannon CR, Replogle WH, Schenk MP. Facial nerve in parotidectomy: a topographical analysis. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:2034-7
  3. Greyling LM, Glanvill R, Boon JM, Schabort D, Meiring JH, Pretorius JP et al. Bony landmarks as an aid for intraoperative facial nerve identification. Clin Anat. 2007;20:739-44
  4. Kim D, Nam S, Nam Y, Lee K, Chung R, Han S. The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in Koreans. Clin Anat. 2009;22:207-14
  5. Farahvash MR, Yaghoobi A, Farahvash B, Farahvash Y, Abiyaneh SH. The extratemporal facial nerve and its branches: analysis of 42 hemifacial dissections in fresh Persian (Iranian) cadavers. Aesthet Surg J. 2012;33:201-8
  6. Katz AD, Catalano P. The clinical significance of the various anastomotic branches of the facial nerve. Report of 100 patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987;113:959-62
  7. De Ru JA, Van Benthem PPG, Bleys RLAW, Lubsen H, Hordijk G. Landmarks for parotid gland surgery. J Laryngol Otol. 2001;115:122-5
  8. Farrior JB, Santini H. Facial nerve identification in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1985;93:173- 6
  9. Gataa IS, Faris BJM. Patterns and surgical significance of facial nerve branching within the parotid gland in 43 cases. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;20:161-5
  10. Gardetto A, Kovacs P, Piegger J, Rainer C, Meirer R, Piza-Katzer H. Direct coaptation of extensive facial nerve defects after removal of the superficial part of the parotid gland: an anatomic study. Head Neck. 2002;24:1047-53
  11. Davis RA, Anson BJ, Budinger JM, Kurth LRE. Surgical anatomy of the facial nerve and parotid gland based upon a study of 350 cervicofacial halves. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1956;4:385-412
  12. Alkan S, Seven H, Şan B, Turgut S. Erişkinlerde fasiyal sinirin parotis bezi içindeki dallanma paterni ve retromandibüler venle ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Turkish Archives of Otolaryngology. 2002;40:48-52
  13. Tzafetta K, Terzis JK. Essays on the facial nerve: part I. microanatomy. Plast Reconst Sur. 2010;125:879-89
  14. Bernstein L, Nelson RH. Surgical anatomy of the extraparotid distribution of the facial nerve. Arch Otolaryngol. 1984;110:177-83
  15. Sekercioglu N. Problems and solutions involving the facial nerve in parotid gland surgery. Turkiye Klinikleri J Surg Med Sci. 2007;3:37-41
  16. Park IY, Lee ME. A morphological study of the parotid gland and the peripheral branches of the