Journals / İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tıp Dergisi / 2020 / Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 3

Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Function and Dysfunction in Human Diseases

İnsan Hastalıklarında Endotel Fonksiyon ve Disfonksiyonunun Moleküler Mekanizmaları

Pages
201–216
Publication Date
2022-10-18
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This review is written to describe the functions endothelial cells, mediators and signaling pathways in all stages of major diseases and relevant treatment tips.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The vascular endothelium is an important organ that covers all of the inner surface of blood vessels and regulates several important physiological and pathological reactions.
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Key Findings & Data:Several mediators are involved in this process including nitric oxide (NO endothelium-derived relaxing factor), prostacyclin (PG12) which ensure vasodilatation, endothelin 1, platelet- activating factor and angiotensin II that induce vasoconstriction.
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Conclusion & Impact:This review is written to describe the functions endothelial cells, mediators and signaling pathways in all stages of major diseases and relevant treatment tips.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The vascular endothelium is an important organ that covers all of the inner surface of blood vessels and regulates several important physiological and pathological reactions. As a barrier, the endothelium regulates the transfer of molecules and acts like a semipermeable layer. They retain the capacity to rapidly initiate new vessel formation in response to injury or pathological conditions. Angiogenesis is the process of formation of new vessels from existing vessels to provide oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Blood vessels , and their components have a critical importance for hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflamation. Angiogenesis is a complex process in which strictly regulated multiple cell types are involved. Several mediators are involved in this process including nitric oxide (NO endothelium-derived relaxing factor), prostacyclin (PG12) which ensure vasodilatation, endothelin 1, platelet- activating factor and angiotensin II that induce vasoconstriction. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a pathological condition caused by the imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction provided by the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is transformed into pathological functions which will result in unfavourable outcomes. Endothelial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, cancer and preeclampsia. Differences in normal and dysfunctional endothelium may present new therapeutic possibilities for improved antiangiogenesis. This review is written to describe the functions endothelial cells, mediators and signaling pathways in all stages of major diseases and relevant treatment tips.

Özet

Vasküler endotel, kan damarlarının tüm iç yüzeylerini örten birçok önemli fizyolojik ve patolojik reaksiyonu düzenleyen önemli bir organdır. Bir bariyer olarak endotel, moleküllerintransferini düzenler ve yarı geçirgen bir tabaka gibi davranır. Yaralanmalara veya patolojikkoşullara yanıt olarak yeni damar oluşumunu (anjiyogenez) hızla başlatma kapasitesini dekorurlar. Anjiyogenez, dokulara oksijen ve besin sağlamak amacıyla var olan damarlardanyeni damarlar oluşum sürecidir. Kan damarları ve bileşenleri, hemostaz, tromboz ve inflamasyon için kritik öneme sahiptir. Anjiyogenez oldukça sıkı bir şekilde regüle edilen çok sayıdafarklı hücre tiplerinin olaya karıştığı kompleks bir süreçtir. Oldukça karmaşık şekilde düzenlenen bu süreçte yer alan çok sayıda mediyatör vardır. Bu mediyatörler; vazodilatasyonu sağlayan nitrik oksit (NO: endotel kaynaklı gevşetici faktör) ve prostasiklin (PGI2) ile vazokonstrüksiyonu sağlayan endotelin-1 (ET-1), platalet aktivasyon faktörü (PAF) ve Anjyotensin II’dir.Endotel disfonksiyonu (ED), endotel tarafından sağlanan vazodilatasyon ve vazokonstrüksiyon arasındaki dengesizlikten dolayı ortaya çıkan patolojik durumdur. Endoteldeki düzensizlikler organizma için olumsuz sonuçlar doğuracak patolojik işlevlere dönüşür. Endotel disfonksiyonu, hipertansiyon, koroner arter hastalığı, kronik kalp yetmezliği, periferik arterhastalığı, diyabet, kanser ve preeklampsi gibi çeşitli hastalıkların patogenezinde rol oynarlar.Normal ve disfonksiyona uğramış endotel arasındaki farklılıklar, gelişmiş antianjiyogenez içinyeni terapötik olanaklar sunabilir. Bu derleme, endotel hücrelerinin, mediyatörlerin ve sinyalyolaklarının önemli hastalıkların her aşamasında gerçekleştirdiği işlevleri ve tedavi ipuçlarınıanlatmak için yazılmıştır.

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Cite This Article

ÇELİK, H. G., AYDINLI, K., GÜNEL, T., ALKAÇ, İ. M., KÜÇÜKKAYA, R. D. (2022). Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Function and Dysfunction in Human Diseases. İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 3, 201–216. https://ajindex.com/articles/550978

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