Journals / İslami Araştırmalar / 2020 / Cilt: 31 - Sayı: 2

The Huge Problem Inherited from Alexander to Avicenna: Priority and Posteriority of the Universals

Aleksander’dan İbn Sînâ’ya İntikal Eden Büyük Problem: Tümellerin Önceliği ve Sonralığı

Pages
298–314
Publication Date
2022-10-19
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Avicenna regards this issue as one of the big problems and offers some content of solutions in his “al-Burhān”, “al-Madkhal”and “al-Ilāhiyyāt.” He examines in which sense the universal animal may be a constituent factor and comes before the particulars in al-Burhānwhile he brings the priority and posteriority of the universals up to for discussion in the other two works.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In his “Posterior Analytics” and “Metaphysics”, Aristotle states that ‘the universal meaning’ is by itself and directly predicated to many different objects, and in his “De Anima”that the general meanings such animal do not exist, or posterior if they exist, while he claims in his “Categories”that the animal, as a genus, comes before the kinds and constitutes them.
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Key Findings & Data:This clear incoherency drives Alexander to reconsider ‘the universal’ and ‘the universal meaning’ in his “On the Metaphysics”and “Quaestiones”and claims that the general meanings apprehended from the particulars exists when the intellect understands them, but they are removed when the intellect does not think of them.
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Conclusion & Impact:Avicenna regards this issue as one of the big problems and offers some content of solutions in his “al-Burhān”, “al-Madkhal”and “al-Ilāhiyyāt.” He examines in which sense the universal animal may be a constituent factor and comes before the particulars in al-Burhānwhile he brings the priority and posteriority of the universals up to for discussion in the other two works.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In his “Posterior Analytics” and “Metaphysics”, Aristotle states that ‘the universal meaning’ is by itself and directly predicated to many different objects, and in his “De Anima”that the general meanings such animal do not exist, or posterior if they exist, while he claims in his “Categories”that the animal, as a genus, comes before the kinds and constitutes them. This clear incoherency drives Alexander to reconsider ‘the universal’ and ‘the universal meaning’ in his “On the Metaphysics”and “Quaestiones”and claims that the general meanings apprehended from the particulars exists when the intellect understands them, but they are removed when the intellect does not think of them. Alexander, thus, makes the expressions of Aristotle more vague and leaves this huge problem to the medieval ages. Today’s experts of Aristotle, such as Tweedale, Sharples and Sirkel, attempt to analyze the expression of Alexander, but they admit they cannot say the final word. However, according to Tweedale, it is necessary to see Avicenna’s works to solve this problem. Avicenna regards this issue as one of the big problems and offers some content of solutions in his “al-Burhān”, “al-Madkhal”and “al-Ilāhiyyāt.” He examines in which sense the universal animal may be a constituent factor and comes before the particulars in al-Burhānwhile he brings the priority and posteriority of the universals up to for discussion in the other two works.

Özet

Aristoteles, “İkinci Analitikler” ve “Metafizik” adlı eserlerinde ‘tümel anlam’ın pek çok şeyebizzat ve doğrudan yüklendiğini, “Ruh Üzerine” eserinde ise hayvan gibi genel anlamların varolmadığını, var olsa bile ikincil/sonradan bir anlam olduğunu belirtirken “Kategoriler”de ise hayvancinsinin türlerden önce gelerek onları kurduğunu iddia eder. Bu bariz tutarsızlık Aleksander’ı “Onthe Metaphysicsve Quaestiones” adlı eserinde ‘tümel’i ve ‘tümel anlam’ı yeniden düşünmeye sevketmiş ve tikellerden idrak edilen genel anlamların aklın düşünmesi esnasında var olduklarını,düşünmediğinde ise ortadan kalktıklarını ileri sürmüştür. Böylece Aleksander, Aristoteles’inifadelerini daha müphem bir hale getirmiş ve orta çağlara büyük bir problem bırakmıştır. GünümüzAleksander uzmanlarından Tweedale, Sharples ve Sirkel Aleksander’ın söylemlerini çözümlemeyeçalışmışlar, ancak problemde son sözün söylenemeyeceğini itiraf etmişlerdir. Yalnız Tweedaleproblemin çözümü için İbn Sînâ’nın eserlerinin görülmesi gerektiğini ve çözümün oradabulunabileceğini söylemektedir. İbn Sînâ ilgili meseleyi süregelen büyük problemlerden birisi olarakgörür ve “el-Burhân”, “el-Medhal”ve “el-İlâhiyyât”ta çözüm içerikleri önerir. el-Burhân’da hayvantümelinin hangi anlamda kurucu unsur olabileceğini ve tekillerden önce gelebileceğini incelerken,diğer iki eserinde tümellerin önceliği ve sonralığını tartışmaya açar.

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Cite This Article

AKKANAT, H. (2022). The Huge Problem Inherited from Alexander to Avicenna: Priority and Posteriority of the Universals. İslami Araştırmalar, Cilt: 31 - Sayı: 2, 298–314. https://ajindex.com/articles/550436

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