Journals / Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2018 / Cilt: 28 - Sayı: 2

Reading Mordecai M. Kaplan Through Emile Durkheim: Religion Concept and Collective Consciousness

EMILE DURKHEIM ÜZERİNDEN MORDECAI M. KAPLAN’I OKUMAK: DİN KAVRAMI VE KOLEKTİF BİLİNÇ

Pages
269–286
Publication Date
2022-10-18
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

For him, this social energy called collective consciousness is the way of life of Jewish society.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study investigates the ways in which Mordecai M.
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Key Findings & Data:Kaplan (1881-1983), a Jewish thinker, sociologist and philosopher, who was the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism Movement having emerged in USA in the XXth century and who considered Judaism as the religious civilization of the Jewish society, was influenced by French sociologist Emeile Durkheim (1858-1917).
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Conclusion & Impact:For him, this social energy called collective consciousness is the way of life of Jewish society.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:E. Durkheim · Mordecai M. Kaplan · Din

Abstract

This study investigates the ways in which Mordecai M. Kaplan (1881-1983), a Jewish thinker, sociologist and philosopher, who was the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism Movement having emerged in USA in the XXth century and who considered Judaism as the religious civilization of the Jewish society, was influenced by French sociologist Emeile Durkheim (1858-1917). Like many other scientists and thinkers, Kaplan also particularly benefited from Durkheim’s religious studies who contributed to the process in which sociology became a scientific branch. Kaplan especially inspired from Durkheim’s opinions such as religion concepti, God-idea, sacred and collective onsciousness. For Kaplan, religion is primarily a social phenomenon. To grasp its reality, to observe its workings and to further its growth we must study its functioning in some social group. According to him, religion is product of community. Kaplan points out two concepts as the social manifestation of religion. One of them is The God-idea, the other is sacred. He places God in the center of religious experience. For him, faith is based on God-idea. Kaplan, like Durkheim, argues that the essence of every religion depends on the sacred emotion. The sacred means to supreme value. People and all community may tend to give the supreme value to particular objects, assets, persons and opinions in the time. One of the most important aspects of Kaplan's inspiration from Durkheim is collective counsciousness which is considered as social power in Durkheim’s thought system. According to Kaplan, religion is living energy style which exists in all community. For him, this social energy called collective consciousness is the way of life of Jewish society.

Özet

Bu makale, XX. Yüzyılda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde ortaya çıkan Yahudilikte Yeniden Yapılanma Hareketi’nin kurucusu olan ve Yahudiliği, Yahudi toplumunun dini medeniyeti olarak gören Yahudi düşünür, sosyolog, filozof Mordecai M. Kaplan’ın (1881-1983) Fransız sosyolog Emile Durkhem’den (1858-1917) etkilendiği yönleri inceler. Kaplan da birçok bilim ve fikir adamı gibi, sosyolojinin bir bilim haline gelmesinde önemli katkılar sağlayan Durkheim’ın özellikle din alanında yaptığı çalışmalardan yararlanmıştır. Kaplan, Durkhem’in özellikle din kavramı, Tanrı, kutsal ve kolektif bilinç fikirlerinden etkilenmiştir. Kaplan’a göre, din esasen sosyal bir fenomendir. Dinin hakikatini kavramak, çalışma tarzını gözlemlemek ve gelişimini takip etmek için bazı sosyal gruplar içinde işleyişini incelemek gerekir. Dini toplumun bir ürünü olarak kabul eden Kaplan, dininin toplumsal tezahürü olarak iki kavrama işaret etmektedir. Bu kavramlardan birincisi Tanrı, diğeri de kutsaldır.O, Tanrı’yı dini tecrübenin merkezine yerleştirmektedir. İnancın temeli onun “God-idea” dediği “Tanrı-fikri”ne dayanır. Kaplan, Durkheim gibi her dinin özünde kutsal duygusunun yer aldığını savunur. Kutsalın karşılığı “yüce değerdir.” Kaplan’a göre, zaman içinde insanlar ve tüm toplumlar belli nesnelere, varlıklara, kişilere ve fikirlere bir dokunmazlık statüsü verme eğiliminde olabilir. Kaplan’ın Durkheim’den ilham aldığı en önemli hususlardan biri de Durkheim düşünce sisteminde yer alan ve bir toplumsal güç olarak kabul edilen kolektif bilinç kavramıdır. Kaplan’a göre din bütün sosyal gruplarda var olan canlı bir enerji biçimidir. Kaplan için, kolektif bilinç denilen bu toplumsal enerji Yahudi toplumunun yaşam şeklidir.

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Cite This Article

AYDIN, İ. E. (2022). Reading Mordecai M. Kaplan Through Emile Durkheim: Religion Concept and Collective Consciousness. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 28 - Sayı: 2, 269–286. https://ajindex.com/articles/515563

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