AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightMinimum DIF was observed initem Q4 as a result of regional comparisons, whereas maximum DIF was observed in items Q47 and Q50.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
It is accepted that the presence of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) in large scale examinations may be anindication of bias. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether dichotomous (1-0) items in the PISA 2015mathematics subtest exhibit DIF with regard to gender and statistical regions. The study was carried out using thedata of 2409 students who took part in PISA 2015 and answered all mathematics questions. Rasch model was usedvia Winsteps software to determine whether the items exhibit DIF or not. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)was applied to the sixty-three mathematics questions in the clusters. The modification indices and goodness of fitvalues were examined for CFA and a total of eight items that disrupt the model structure were excluded from thetest. DIF analyses were carried out for the 55 items that were observed to be one-dimensional. The analysis resultsbased on gender indicated that five items exhibit DIF. Two of these items exhibit DIF in favor of girls, while threein favor of men. Statistically significant DIF findings were observed in all items when the analyses results basedon statistical regional units were analyzed. While at least 10 DIF cases were observed as a result of the binaryterritory comparison on an item basis, maximum 38 DIF cases were observed. Minimum DIF was observed initem Q4 as a result of regional comparisons, whereas maximum DIF was observed in items Q47 and Q50.