Journals / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 1

Rare Causes of Pleural Effusion in Children: Differential Diagnosis in a Pediatric Infectious Disease Clinic

Çocuklarda Plevral Efüzyonun Nadir Nedenleri: Bir Çocuk Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kliniğinde Ayırıcı Tanı

Pages
26–32
Publication Date
2022-10-11
DOI
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Conclusion: Although parapneumonic effusion and empyema are the most important reasons in the etiology of exudative pleural effusion in childhood; tuberculosis, hydatid cyst and malignancy should be considered in pleural effusion that does not improve despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and drainage

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Exudative pleural effusion may occur during the course of many infectious and non-infectious diseases, and these diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion.
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Key Findings & Data:Results: Between January 2010 and September 2019, a total of 13 patients [eight males (61.5%), five females (38.5%)], who were admitted with a preliminary diagnosis of parapneumonic effusion and pleural empyema, and subsequently received alternative diagnoses, were included in the study.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: Although parapneumonic effusion and empyema are the most important reasons in the etiology of exudative pleural effusion in childhood; tuberculosis, hydatid cyst and malignancy should be considered in pleural effusion that does not improve despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and drainage
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2010 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: Exudative pleural effusion may occur during the course of many infectious and non-infectious diseases, and these diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. In this study, we aimed to emphasize the rare causes and the importance of clinical and laboratory findings in the differential diagnosis of patients hospitalized with a preliminary diagnosis of parapneumonic effusion-empyema. Material and Methods: In this study, the data of patients hospitalized with the preliminary diagnosis of parapneumonic effusion-empyema and who were diagnosed as a specific infection such as tuberculosis and parasitic diseases and as pleural effusion due to non-infectious causes in the following days were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Between January 2010 and September 2019, a total of 13 patients [eight males (61.5%), five females (38.5%)], who were admitted with a preliminary diagnosis of parapneumonic effusion and pleural empyema, and subsequently received alternative diagnoses, were included in the study. Patients’ complaints on admission were cough, fever, chest pain, abdominal pain, sputum, night sweats, weight loss and respiratory distress, respectively. There was no bacterial growth in blood and pleural fluid cultures of any patients. As a definitive diagnosis, tuberculosis was diagnosed in 5 (38.4%) patients, lymphoma in 4 (30.7%) patients, and hydatid cyst in 4 (30.7%) patients. In one of the patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (20%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected by polymerase chain reaction while in 3 (60%) patients by culture. Malignant cells were seen in pleural fluid cytology of 2 (15.4%) patients. In two of the patients, a positive result was obtained by the indirect haemagglutination test for Echinococcus. Conclusion: Although parapneumonic effusion and empyema are the most important reasons in the etiology of exudative pleural effusion in childhood; tuberculosis, hydatid cyst and malignancy should be considered in pleural effusion that does not improve despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and drainage

Özet

Giriş: Eksüdatif plevral efüzyon pek çok enfeksiyöz ve non-enfeksiyöz hastalıkların seyri sırasında görülebilir ve bu hastalarda ampiyem ve parapnömonik plevral efüzyonunun ayrıcı tanısı ayrıntılı olarak düşünülmelidir. Biz bu çalışmada parapnömonik efüzyon-ampiyem ön tanısı ile yatırılan hastaların ayrıcı tanısında nadir görülen nedenleri, klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularının önemini vurgulamayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada kliniğimize parapnömonik efüzyon-ampiyem ön tanısı ile yatırılarak takipte tüberküloz ve paraziter hastalıklar gibi bir spesifik enfeksiyon ve enfeksiyon dışı nedenlere bağlı plevral efüzyon saptanan hastaların verileri geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ocak 2010-Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında parapnömonik efüzyon ve plevral ampiyem ön tanısı ile kabul edilip, sonradan alternatif tanılar alan ortalama yaşları 125.00 ± 57.21 ay olan 8’i (%61.5) erkek, 5’i (%38.5) kız olmak üzere toplam 13 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Başvuru şikayetleri sırasıyla öksürük, ateş, göğüs ağrısı, karın ağrısı, balgam, gece terlemesi, kilo kaybı ve solunum sıkıntısı idi. Kan kültürü ve plevral sıvı kültürü ile hastaların hiçbirinde bakteriyel üreme mevcut değildi. Kesin tanı olarak 5 (%38.4) hastada tüberküloz, 4 (%30.7) hastada lenfoma, 4 (%30.7) hastada akciğer kist hidatiği tanısı konulmuştu. Tüberküloz tanısı alan hastalardan birinde (%20) polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile, üçünde (%60) mikobakteriyel kültürde Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex pozitif tespit edildi. 2 (%15.4) hastanın plevral sıvı sitolojisinde malign hücre görüldü. Hastaların ikisinde kist hidatik indirekt hemaglütinasyon testinde pozitif sonuç elde edildi. Sonuç: Çocukluk çağında eksüdatif plevral efüzyonun etyolojisinde en önemli neden parapnömonik efüzyon ve ampiyem olmakla birlikte, uygun antibiyotik tedavisi ve drenaja rağmen düzelmeyen, etkeni ortaya konulmamış plevral efüzyonda tüberküloz, kist hidatik ve malignite mutlaka akla gelmelidir.

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Cite This Article

TANIR, G., TEKE, T. A., KAMAN, A., ÖZ, F. N., DURMUŞ, S. Y., YALÇINKAYA, R. (2022). Rare Causes of Pleural Effusion in Children: Differential Diagnosis in a Pediatric Infectious Disease Clinic. Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi, Cilt: 15 - Sayı: 1, 26–32. https://ajindex.com/articles/484048

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