Journals / Cumhuriyet Science Journal / 2018 / Cilt: 39 - Sayı: 2

Effects of Cerium, Iron and Copper Incorporation on the Structural Properties and Activities of Ti-Pillared Bentonites

Seryum, Demir ve Bakır Emdirmenin, Ti-Sütunlu Bentonitlerin Yapısal Özellikleri ve Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkileri

Pages
477–495
Publication Date
2022-10-12
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The leaching of metals was observed at lowvalues and the stability of iron was found six times higher than the copper.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Ti-pillared bentonite (Ti-PB) using bentonite from the Middle Anatolia region (Hançılı) wassynthesized.
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Key Findings & Data:The hydrothermal syntheses were carried out with a Cu/(Cu+Ti) ratios of 0.1and 0.2.
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Conclusion & Impact:The leaching of metals was observed at lowvalues and the stability of iron was found six times higher than the copper.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Ti-pillared bentonite (Ti-PB) using bentonite from the Middle Anatolia region (Hançılı) wassynthesized. Iron or copper was impregnated to Ti-PB from the solution and subsequent cerium incorporationwas done by wet impregnation. The hydrothermal syntheses were carried out with a Cu/(Cu+Ti) ratios of 0.1and 0.2. The anatase phase of titanium dioxide was found for all of the samples. The Ti-PB calcined at 500 °Cgave a basal spacing value of 4.41 nm, a specific BET surface area of 348 m2 g-1, and a micropore volume of0.093 cm3g-1. While the post incorporation of copper and iron caused decrease in the micropore properties, thehydrothermally synthesized copper titanium samples reflected the similar behavior with Ti-PB. Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses indicated that TiO2 content of all PBs was near 40 wt % andmetal incorporation to Ti-PB was succesfully performed by the impregnation method. Ti-PB exhibited both theLewis and Brønsted acidities. The copper impregnation resulted in an increase in the Lewis acidity. Thehydrotermally synthesised copper containing sample and cerium-iron and cerium-copper impregnated samplesyielded an increase in the Brønsted acidity. Approximately 90 % phenol conversion at 30 °C in an hour wasachived with the cerium and iron containing sample and the completion of photocatalytic oxidation was reachedat 2 hours. An increase of temperature rised the conversion of phenol, and the iron containing sample resultedin approximately 100 % conversion at an hour at 50 °C. Hydroquinone, benzoquinone and catechol and formic,malic, fumaric acids were observed as the reaction intermediates. The leaching of metals was observed at lowvalues and the stability of iron was found six times higher than the copper.

Özet

Orta Anadolu yöresi (Hançılı) bentoniti kullanılarak, Ti-sütunlu bentonit (Ti-SB) sentezlenmiştir. Ti- SB’e demir ya da bakır, çözeltiden emdirilmiş ve devamında seryum, ıslak emdirmeyle demirli ve bakırlı Ti- SB’e ilave edilmiştir. Bakırlı titanyumlu sütunlu bentonitler, Cu/(Cu+Ti) 0,1 ve 0,2 oranlarında hidrotermal olarak sentezlenmiştir. Bütün numunelerde titanyum dioksit, anataz fazda görülmüştür. 500 °C de kalsine edilmiş Ti-SB için 4.41 nm bazal boşluk değeri, 348 m2 g-1 spesifik BET yüzey alanı, 0.093 cm3g-1 mikrogözenek hacim değeri elde edilmiştir. Demir ve bakırın sonradan ilave edilmesi, elde edilen örneklerin mikrogözenek özelliklerinde azalmaya sebep olurken, hidrotermal yöntemle sentezlenen bakır titanyumlu örnekler, Ti-SB ile benzer davranış sergilemişlerdir. Enerji dağılımlı X-ışını spektroskopisi (EDS) analizi, bütün örneklerin TiO2 içeriğinin ağırlıkça yaklaşık % 40 civarında olduğunu ve Ti-SB’e metal emdirmenin başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Ti-SB örneklerinde hem Lewis hem de Brønsted asitliği gözlenmiştir. Bakır emdirme, Lewis asitlikte artışa neden olmuştur. Hidrotermal olarak sentezlenmiş bakır içeren örneklerde, seryum demir ve seryum bakırlı örneklerde Bronsted asitliğinin arttığı gözlenmiştir. Seryum ve demir içeren örnekle gerçekleştirilen reaksiyon çalışmalarında yaklaşık % 90 fenol dönüşümü, 30 °C de 1 saat içinde elde edilmiş ve fotokatalitik oksidasyonun tamamlanması 2 saatde gerçekleşmiştir. Sıcaklığın artması, fenol dönüşümünü artırmış ve demir içeren örnekle, 50 °C de 1 saat içinde yaklaşık % 100 dönüşüm elde edilmiştir. Hidrokinon, benzokinon, katekol ve formic, malik, fumarik asitler reaksiyon ara ürünleri olarak gözlenmiştir. Düşük değerlerde metal salınımı ve demirin bakıra göre 6 kat daha fazla kararlılık gösterdiği gözlenmiştir

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Cite This Article

BASOGLU, F. T. (2022). Effects of Cerium, Iron and Copper Incorporation on the Structural Properties and Activities of Ti-Pillared Bentonites. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, Cilt: 39 - Sayı: 2, 477–495. https://ajindex.com/articles/477972

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