AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightHowever, this decrease was no more prominent withfurther MPP+ treatment.Conclusion: Our results show that GLT-1 levels are elevated as aresult of kainic acid or MPP+ treatment as a survival mechanism toprevent excitotoxicity.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Objective: Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in thebrain. The excessive glutamate will lead to excitotoxicity. Glutamatetransporter-1 (GLT-1) is the major transporter that performs95% of the glutamate clearance contributing to normal neuronalfunction and preventing excitotoxicity. In this study, we investigatedthe effect of two toxins, kainic acid and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), on GLT-1 expression and excitotoxicity inneuroblastoma and glia cells (immortalized human astrocytes).Methods: We treated neuroblastoma and glia cells with kainic acidand MPP+, applied MTT assay to measure the cell viability. Weidentified the mRNA and protein levels of GLT-1 and also analyzedreleased glutamate levels using glutamate assay.Results: The mRNA level of GLT-1 increased in neuroblastomacells as a result of kainic acid or MPP+ treatment while the proteinexpression of GLT-1 increased in glia cells after the treatment withMPP+. Excess glutamate was found to be decreased after 12 h MPP+treatment. However, this decrease was no more prominent withfurther MPP+ treatment.Conclusion: Our results show that GLT-1 levels are elevated as aresult of kainic acid or MPP+ treatment as a survival mechanism toprevent excitotoxicity.
Özet
Amaç: Glutamat, beyindeki majör uyarıcı transmiterdir. Fazla glutamat eksitotoksisiteye yol açar. GLT-1 (Glutamat Transportır 1) beyindeki glutamatın %95’ini temizleyerek nöron fonksiyonunu sağlar ve eksitotoksisiteyi önler. Bu çalışmada kainik asit and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) isimli iki toksinin nöroblastoma ve glia (immortalize edilmiş insan astrositleri) hücrelerinde GLT-1 ve eksitotoksisite üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Yöntemler: Nöroblastoma ve glia hücreleri kainik asit ve MPP+ ile muamele edilip hücre canlılığını ölçüldü. GLT-1’in mRNA ve protein ifadesi tespit edildikten sonra glutamat assay ile birikmiş Glutamate miktarı belirlendi. Bulgular: GLT-1’in mRNA seviyesi kainik asit ve MPP+ile muamele sonucu nöroblastoma ve glia hücrelerinde artmıştır. GLT1’in protein seviyesi de glia hücrelerinde MPP+muamelesi sonucu artmıştır. Salınan glutamatın 12 saatlik MPP+muamelesinden sonra azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Ancak bu azalış daha sonra geçerli olmamıştır. Sonuç: Bulgularımız göstermektedir ki GLT-1 ifadesi kainik asit veya MPP+ muamelesi sonucu yaşamsal bir mekanizma olarak eksitotoksisiteyi önlemek için artmaktadır.