AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightThis repertoire was further adopted by other architects in the years to come and thus gained a continuity which contributed to later Ottoman and probably early Republican architecture in Turkey
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Alexandre Vallaury, who had led an active career between 1882-1911, was as an architect and an academic, the foremost representative of the architectural discourse of Ecole des Beaux Arts where he had received his formal education in architecture. During 1880 s he was swiftly introduced to thestanbul élite, palace and bureaucracy as a capable architect. Following, in 1890s, also owing to the fast development of Istanbul as a finance center and a busy port city, Vallaury received several commissions through which he realised numerous prestigious buildings. He also worked for the government in key institutions, in positions through which he found himself in decision making roles for major urban changes and infrastructural investments in the city. The twentieth century arrived with economic problems and contraction of the construction market, accompanied by a fierce professional competition where the architects had to face severe criticisms of engineers gradually dominating the construction processes, this was partly due to fast adoption of new building technologies, where reinforced concrete took the lead. Following, we find that the renowned architect Vallaury, after a 30 years long active career, changed nationality, retired, and left to live in France until his death. Vallaury s architectural conduct and preference, in alignment with the tendency in Ecole des Beaux Arts during his education, can be summarized as eclecticism. In the framework of this politically, technically and historically compromising ideology, Vallaury, as of early years of his career, in order to be able to use architectural references from the widest possible geographical and historical scope, began to compile his own vocabulary of architectural elements, built up of neoclassical and neorenaissance elements as well as of elements from local, especially Ottoman architecture. This repertoire was further adopted by other architects in the years to come and thus gained a continuity which contributed to later Ottoman and probably early Republican architecture in Turkey
Özet
1882-1911 yılları arasında faal bir mimari kariyere sahip olan Alexandre Vallaury, hem mimar hem de eğitimci olarak, mimarlık eğitimini almış olduğu Beaux Arts Okulunun Osmanlı mimarlığındaki en önemli temsilcisidir. 1880li yıllarda stanbul elit çevresinde, hızla yetkin bir mimar olarak tanınan Vallaury, 1890lı yıllarda stanbulun bir finans merkezi ve liman kenti olarak yaşadığı büyük gelişmenin de etkisiyle çok sayıda önemli projeye imza atmış, devletin önemli kurumlarındaki görevleri yoluyla kentin imar ve planlamasında söz sahibi olmuştur. Yirminci yüzyıl başında ortaya çıkan ekonomik sı- kıntılar, mimar, mühendis ve müteahhitler arasında yükselen rekabet ortamı, betonarmenin hızlı yükselişi gibi gelişmeler sonrasında ise Vallaury yaklaşık 30 yıllık bir mesleki yaşamı ve stanbulu ardında bırakarak emekli olmuş ve Fransız tabiyetine geçerek ölümüne dek Fransada yaşamıştır. Vallaurynin mimari tavrı, döneminde Beaux Arts Okulunca da benimsenen eklektisizm olarak özetlenebilir. Bu politik, tarihsel ve teknik anlamda uzlaşmacı akım bağlamında, Vallaury kariyerinin erken yıllarından itibaren, geniş bir tarihsel ve coğrafi aralıkta tanımlı mimari referansları yapılarında kullanabilmek adına neoklasik ögelerin yanı sıra, yerel ve özellikle Osmanlı mimarisinden ögelerle kendine ait eklektik mimari öge dağarcığını oluşturmuştur. Bu repertuar sonraki yıllarda diğer mimarlar tarafından da yer yer benimsenerek süreklilik kazanmış ve daha geç Osmanlı ve olasılıkla erken Cumhuriyet mimarlığına da katkıda bulunmuştur.