Journals / Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi :C-Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji / 2018 / Cilt: 7 - Sayı: 1

THE USE OF STEM CELLS IN TOXICOLOGY STUDIES

KÖK HÜCRELERİN TOKSİKOLOJİ ÇALIŞMALARINDA KULLANIMI

Pages
90–104
Publication Date
2022-10-11
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Although technological challenges and ethical restrictions prevent common use, the use of human stem cell-based systems in drug discovery and toxicity studies allows reducing cost and experimental animal use, making safer personalized medicine and more accurate risk assessments for environmental toxicants.In this review, the use of human stem cell based systems in toxicology studies such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, embryotoxicity has been mentioned.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Several studies have been conducted to determine the potential toxic effects of new drug molecules and chemicals on humans.
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Key Findings & Data:The chemicals are generally applied to animals or in vitro cell cultures.
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Conclusion & Impact:Although technological challenges and ethical restrictions prevent common use, the use of human stem cell-based systems in drug discovery and toxicity studies allows reducing cost and experimental animal use, making safer personalized medicine and more accurate risk assessments for environmental toxicants.In this review, the use of human stem cell based systems in toxicology studies such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, embryotoxicity has been mentioned.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Several studies have been conducted to determine the potential toxic effects of new drug molecules and chemicals on humans. The chemicals are generally applied to animals or in vitro cell cultures. However, due to the differences in metabolism, these models can not show the possible effects of chemicals on human completely. Therefore it is thought that in vitro models based on human stem cells could be used as a new alternative in toxicology studies. Stem cells are currently being used in drug/toxicity screening studies, mechanical studies such as developmental toxicity and in the investigation of disease pathways. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can be obtained by manipulation of pluripotency genes from differentiated, mature and specialized cells. Thus the toxicity caused by environmental exposure can be determined, as well as effecting the genetic structure of the individual. Pathways underlying disease and toxicity conditions can be illuminated by identifying genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic patterns of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and iPSC extensively. Although technological challenges and ethical restrictions prevent common use, the use of human stem cell-based systems in drug discovery and toxicity studies allows reducing cost and experimental animal use, making safer personalized medicine and more accurate risk assessments for environmental toxicants.In this review, the use of human stem cell based systems in toxicology studies such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, embryotoxicity has been mentioned.

Özet

Yeni ilaç moleküllerinin ve kimyasalların insanlar üzerinde ortaya çıkartabileceği potansiyel toksik etkilerin belirlenebilmesi amacıyla çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Kimyasallar genellikle hayvanlara veya in vitro hücre kültürlerine uygulanmaktadır. Ancak bu modeller metabolizmadaki farklılıklardan dolayı insanlarda ortaya çıkabilecek muhtemel toksik etkileri tam olarak yansıtamamaktadır. Bu nedenle insan kök hücrelerine dayalı in vitro modellerin toksikoloji araştırmalarında yeni bir alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Kök hücreler günümüzde ilaç/toksisite taramalarında, hastalık yolaklarının araştırılması ve gelişimsel toksisite gibi mekanistik çalışmalarda kullanılmaktadır. İndüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücreleri (iPSC) farklılaşmış, olgun ve özelleşmiş hücrelerden pluripotensi genlerinin manüplasyonu ile elde edilebilmektedir. Bu sayede kişinin genetik yapısı yansıtılabildiği gibi çevresel maruziyetin neden olduğu toksisite düzeyleri de belirlenebilmektedir. İnsan embriyonik kök hücreleri (hESC) ve iPSC’lerin genomik, proteomik, transkripteomik ve metabolomik kalıpları kapsamlı olarak çıkartılarak, hastalık ve toksisite durumlarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olan yolakların aydınlatılması sağlanabilmektedir. Her ne kadar teknolojik zorluklar ve etik engeller yaygın kullanımlarının önüne geçse de ilaç keşiflerinde ve toksisite çalışmalarında insan kök hücre temelli sistemlerden faydalanılmasının maliyet ve deney hayvanı kullanımının azaltılmasına, daha güvenli kişiselleştirilmiş ilaçların üretilmesine ve çevresel toksikanlar için daha doğru risk değerlendirmelerinin yapılmasına olanak sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede insan kök hücre temelli sistemlerin nörotoksisite, hepatotoksisite, kardiyotoksisite, embriyotoksisite gibi toksikoloji çalışmalarındaki kullanımlarından bahsedilmiştir.

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Cite This Article

YALÇIN, C. Ö., SARIALTIN, S. Y. (2022). THE USE OF STEM CELLS IN TOXICOLOGY STUDIES. Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi :C-Yaşam Bilimleri ve Biyoteknoloji, Cilt: 7 - Sayı: 1, 90–104. https://ajindex.com/articles/438578

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