Journals / Ağrı / 2022 / Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 3

Interactions between the painful disorders and the autonomic nervous system

Otonom sinir sistemi ve ağrılı bozukluklar arasındaki etkileşimler Doruk ARSLAN,1 Işın ÜNAL ÇEVİK2

Journal
Ağrı
Pages
155–165
Publication Date
2022-10-11
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Pathophysiological role of ANS in migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral nerve injuries, small fiber neuropathies, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, painful joint diseases, visceral pain, phantom limb pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and spinal cord injury will be discussed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls the heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, respiration, pupillary reactivity, sweating, urination, sexual arousal, and regulates the functions of internal organs.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Increased responsiveness of injured sensory nerves to catecholamines, increased expression of α-1 adrenore- ceptors on the primary afferent nociceptors and hyperalgesic skin, central sensitization rendering Aβ mechanoreceptors, enhanced discharge and sympathetic sprouting in dorsal root ganglia, central sensitization, and dysfunction of the pain modulation is proposed mechanisms.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Pathophysiological role of ANS in migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral nerve injuries, small fiber neuropathies, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, painful joint diseases, visceral pain, phantom limb pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and spinal cord injury will be discussed.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls the heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, respiration, pupillary reactivity, sweating, urination, sexual arousal, and regulates the functions of internal organs. This system provides the homeostasis of the cells, tissues, and organs throughout the body and protects against the disturbances imposed by the external and internal stressors. The ANS has three main divisions: The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and the enteric nervous system. In general, the SNS and PNS have opposing effects. Each region belonging to the “pain matrix” interacts with ANS. The descending system regulates pain and creates a regulatory effect by the contri- bution of aminergic neurotransmitters. Hypothalamus, amygdala, and periaqueductal gray are the main structures of this regulatory system. Dysfunction of the ANS is frequently observed in pain patients. The SNS induce, facilitate, or potentiate chronic pain. Increased responsiveness of injured sensory nerves to catecholamines, increased expression of α-1 adrenore- ceptors on the primary afferent nociceptors and hyperalgesic skin, central sensitization rendering Aβ mechanoreceptors, enhanced discharge and sympathetic sprouting in dorsal root ganglia, central sensitization, and dysfunction of the pain modulation is proposed mechanisms. In this review, the anatomical, physiological and pathological aspects of ANS and pain, and laboratory tests to evaluate autonomic functions will be discussed. Pathophysiological role of ANS in migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral nerve injuries, small fiber neuropathies, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, painful joint diseases, visceral pain, phantom limb pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and spinal cord injury will be discussed.

Özet

Otonom sinir sistemi, iç organların fonksiyonlarını düzenler, kalp atım hızını, kan basıncını, sindirimi, solunumu, pupiller reak- tiviteyi, terlemeyi, idrara çıkmayı ve cinsel uyarılmayı da kontrol eder. Otonom sinir sistemi vücuttaki hücrelerin, dokuların ve organların homeostazını sağlamaya ve iç/dış zorlayıcı etmenlerin sebep olduğu hasara karşı koymaya çalışır. Otonom sinir sis- teminin üç ana dalı vardır: sempatik sinir sistemi, parasempatik sinir sistemi ve enterik sinir sistemi. Genel olarak, sempatik sinir sistemi ve parasempatik sinir sisteminin birbirine zıt etkileri bulunmaktadır. Ağrı matrisine ait her bölge otonom sinir sistemi ile etkileşim içerisindedir. İnen yolakları ağrıyı düzenler, aminerjik nörotransmitterlerin katkısıyla sistem üzerine regülatör bir etki yaratır. Hipotalamus, amigdala ve periakuaduktal gri cevher bu düzenleyici sistemin ana yapılarıdır. Otonom sinir sisteminin işlev bozukluğu ağrılı hastalarında gözlenebilmektedir. Sempatik sinir sistemi, kronik ağrıyı indükleyebilir, kolaylaştırabilir veya güçlendirebilir. Hasarlı duyu sinirlerinin katekolaminlere karşı artmış hassasiyeti, primer aferent nosiseptörler ve hiperaljezik cilt üzerinde alfa-1 adrenoreseptörlerinin ekspresyonunda artış, Aβ mekanoreseptörleri aracılı merkezi sensitizasyon, dorsal kök ganglionlarında artmış deşarj ve sempatik filizlenme, santral sensitizasyon ve ağrı modülasyonunun disfonksiyonu bu sürece katkı sağlayan mekanizmalar olarak sayılabilir. Bu derlemede otonom sinir sistemi ve ağrının, anatomik, fizyolojik, pa- tolojik yönleri ve otonomik fonksiyonları değerlendirmek için kullanılabilecek laboratuvar testleri tartışılacaktır. Otonom sinir sisteminin migren, trigeminal otonomik sefaljiler, trigeminal nevralji, periferik sinir yaralanmaları, ince lif nöropatisi, miyofasi- yal ağrı sendromu, fibromiyalji, inflamatuvar eklem hastalıkları, viseral ağrı, fantom ağrısı, kompleks bölgesel ağrı sendromu ve spinal kord hasarındaki patofizyolojik rolü tartışılacaktır.

🔖

Cite This Article

ARSLAN, D., ÇEVİK, I. Ü. (2022). Interactions between the painful disorders and the autonomic nervous system. Ağrı, Cilt: 34 - Sayı: 3, 155–165. https://ajindex.com/articles/430529

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (20)

  1. Tracey I, Mantyh PW. The cerebral signature for pain per - ception and its modulation. Neuron 2007;55:377–91
  2. Benarroch EE. Descending monoaminergic pain modula - tion: Bidirectional control and clinical relevance. Neurol- ogy 2008;71:217–21
  3. Cannon WB. The wisdom of the body. 2 nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.; 1939
  4. Gibbins I. Functional organization of autonomic neural pathways. Organogenesis 2013;9:169–75
  5. Novak P. Autonomic disorders. Am J Med 2019;132:420–36
  6. Garland EM, Hooper WB, Robertson D. Pure autonomic fail- ure. Handb Clin Neurol 2013;117:243–57
  7. Furness JB. The enteric nervous system and neurogastro- enterology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;9:286–94
  8. Wehrwein EA, Orer HS, Barman SM. Overview of the anato- my, physiology, and pharmacology of the autonomic ner- vous system. Compr Physiol 2016;6:1239–78
  9. Benarroch EE. Physiology and pathophysiology of the autonomic nervous system. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2020;26:12–24
  10. Jänig W, Häbler HJ. Neurophysiological analysis of tar- get-related sympathetic pathways--from animal to hu - man: Similarities and differences. Acta Physiol Scand 2003;177:255–74
  11. Shields RW Jr. Functional anatomy of the autonomic ner- vous system. J Clin Neurophysiol 1993;10:2–13
  12. McDougall SJ, Münzberg H, Derbenev AV, Zsombok A. Cen- tral control of autonomic functions in health and disease. Front Neurosci 2015;8:440
  13. LeDoux J. The amygdala. Curr Biol 2007;17:R868–74
  14. Seoane-Collazo P, Fernø J, Gonzalez F, Diéguez C, Leis R, Nogueiras R, et al. Hypothalamic-autonomic control of en- ergy homeostasis. Endocrine 2015;50:276–91
  15. Benarroch EE. Periaqueductal gray: An interface for behav- ioral control. Neurology 2012;78:210–7
  16. Benarroch EE. Pain-autonomic interactions. Neurol Sci 2006;27 Suppl 2:S130–3
  17. Benarroch EE, Chang FL. Central autonomic disorders. J Clin Neurophysiol 1993;10:39–50
  18. Runser LA, Gauer RL, Houser A. Syncope: Evaluation and differential diagnosis. Am Fam Physician 2017;95:303–12
  19. Sheldon RS, Grubb BP 2nd, Olshansky B, Shen WK, Calkins H, Brignole M, et al. 2015 heart rhythm society expert consen- sus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and vasovagal syncope. Heart Rhythm 2015;12:e41–63
  20. Policy Department, American Association of Neuromus- cular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Proper performance of autonomic function testing. Mus