Journals / Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi / 2019 / Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 4

An evaluation of rivaroxaban and clopidogrel in a rat lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion model: An experimental study

Sıçan alt ekstremite iskemi-reperfüzyon modelinde rivaroksaban ve klopidogrelin değerlendirilmesi: Deneysel bir çalışma

Pages
513–520
Publication Date
2022-09-02
DOI
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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

With clopidogrel and rivaroxaban pretreatment,nitric oxide levels significantly decreased only in the hearttissue, compared to sham group (p<0.001 and p<0.050, respectively).Conclusion: The study results suggest that rivaroxaban and clopidogrelare effective in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,ischemic muscle, liver, and blood.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Background: This study aims to compare clopidogrel and rivaroxabanagainst ischemia-reperfusion injury after a long reperfusion time and toinvestigate its effects on various tissues.Methods: A total of 40 Wistar rats were included in the study and wererandomly divided into four groups (n=10 per group).
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Key Findings & Data:Groups were definedas follows: control (Group 1), sham (Group 2), clopidogrel pre-treatment(Group 3), and rivaroxaban pre-treatment (Group 4).
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Conclusion & Impact:With clopidogrel and rivaroxaban pretreatment,nitric oxide levels significantly decreased only in the hearttissue, compared to sham group (p<0.001 and p<0.050, respectively).Conclusion: The study results suggest that rivaroxaban and clopidogrelare effective in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,ischemic muscle, liver, and blood.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Background: This study aims to compare clopidogrel and rivaroxabanagainst ischemia-reperfusion injury after a long reperfusion time and toinvestigate its effects on various tissues.Methods: A total of 40 Wistar rats were included in the study and wererandomly divided into four groups (n=10 per group). Groups were definedas follows: control (Group 1), sham (Group 2), clopidogrel pre-treatment(Group 3), and rivaroxaban pre-treatment (Group 4). Ischemia (6 h) andreperfusion (8 h) were induced at the lower hind limb in Groups 2, 3, and 4.The ischemic muscle, heart, kidney, liver, and plasma tissues of the subjectswere obtained to test for the oxidant (malondialdehyde) and antioxidants(glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide).Results: Malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in thesham group, compared to the controls in all tissues. Clopidogrel andrivaroxaban pre-treatment significantly decreased malondialdehydelevels, compared to the heart, ischemic muscle, liver, and blood tissuesof the sham group. Kidney malondialdehyde levels were reduced onlyby rivaroxaban. Group 4 had significantly decreased malondialdehydelevels, compared to Group 3 in ischemic muscle (p<0.010). Theglutathione reduction, compared to sham group, in the kidney was onlysignificant for Group 4 (p<0.050). With clopidogrel and rivaroxaban pretreatment,nitric oxide levels significantly decreased only in the hearttissue, compared to sham group (p<0.001 and p<0.050, respectively).Conclusion: The study results suggest that rivaroxaban and clopidogrelare effective in reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,ischemic muscle, liver, and blood. Rivaroxaban also protects the kidneysand is superior to clopidogrel in ischemic muscle protection.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, uzun bir reperfüzyon süresinden sonra iskemireperfüzyon hasarına karşı klopidogrel ve rivaroksaban karşılaştırıldı ve çeşitli dokular üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Toplamda 40 Wistar sıçan çalışmaya dahil edildi ve rastgele dört gruba ayrıldı (grup başına n=10). Gruplar şu şekilde belirlendi: kontrol (Grup 1), sham (Grup 2), klopidogrel ön tedavisi (Grup 3) ve rivaroksaban ön tedavisi (Grup 4). Grup 2, 3 ve 4'te sıçanların arka bacaklarında iskemi (6 saat) ve reperfüzyon (8 saat) indüklendi. Oksidan (malondialdehit) ve antioksidanları (glutatyon, süperoksit dismutaz ve nitrik oksit) çalışmak için, deneklerin iskemik kas, kalp, böbrek, karaciğer ve plazma dokuları incelendi. Bulgular: Malondialdehit sham grubunda tüm dokularda kontrollere kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti. Klopidogrel ve rivaroksaban ön tedavisi sham grubun kalp, iskemik kas, karaciğer ve kan dokularında malondialdehit düzeylerini anlamlı düzeyde düşürdü. Böbrek malondialdehit düzeyleri, yalnızca rivaroksaban ile azaldı. Grup 4’te, Grup 3'e kıyasla, iskemik kasta malondialdehit anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulundu (p<0.010). Böbrekte glutatyon düşüşü, sham grubuna kıyasla, yalnızca Grup 4 için anlamlıydı (p<0.050). Klopidogrel ve rivaroksaban ön tedavisi ile nitrik oksit düzeyleri, yalnızca kalp dokusunda sham grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde azaldı (sırasıyla p<0.001 ve p<0.050). Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçları, rivaroksaban ve klopidogrelin kalp, iskemik kas, karaciğer ve kandaki iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarını azaltmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca rivaroksaban böbrekleri korur ve iskemik kas korumasında klopidogrelden üstündür.

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Cite This Article

ŞAHİN, D., ERALDEMİR, F. C., YAVUZ, Ş., ARIKAN, A. A., Maral, H., GÜLAŞTI, Ö. F., KURT, T., ÖZBUDA, E. (2022). An evaluation of rivaroxaban and clopidogrel in a rat lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion model: An experimental study. Türk Göğüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi, Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 4, 513–520. https://ajindex.com/articles/423783

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