Journals / Turkish Neurosurgery / 2011 / Cilt: 21 - Sayı: 2

Antitrombin III ve enoksaparin tedavisi, sıçanlarda oluşturulmuş travmatik beyin yaralanması modelinde hücre ölümü, inflamasyon, hemoraji ve apoptozu azaltmaktadır

Antithrombin III and enoxaparin treatment inhibit contusion-triggered cell death, inflammation, hemorrhage and apoptosis after severe traumatic brain injury in rats

Pages
203–209
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

CONCLUSION: Anticoagulants such as AT III and enoxaparin are promising drugs in the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:AIM: In this study, we aimed to show the neuroprotective effects of AT III and Enoxaparin after severe traumatic brain injury.
📊
Key Findings & Data:MATERIAL and METHODS: The animals were divided into four groups as Group 1; control group, Group 2; trauma group, Group 3; AT III group and Group 4; Enoxaparin group.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:CONCLUSION: Anticoagulants such as AT III and enoxaparin are promising drugs in the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

AIM: In this study, we aimed to show the neuroprotective effects of AT III and Enoxaparin after severe traumatic brain injury. MATERIAL and METHODS: The animals were divided into four groups as Group 1; control group, Group 2; trauma group, Group 3; AT III group and Group 4; Enoxaparin group. Severe trauma was performed by the weight dropping technique. These animals were killed 48 hours after injury. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Specimens were graded for cell death, inflammation, hemorrhage and apoptosis. RESULTS: The control group showed normal ultrastructure of brain tissue. Trauma produced obvious damage. 8 rats (80%) in the trauma group demonstrated minimal inflammation and grade 5 cell death. Trauma increased hemorrhage and apoptosis scores to statistically significant levels (p<0.001). Enoxaparin was found to reduce neuronal cell death but not as effectively as AT III. A statistically significant difference was observed between the AT III and Enoxaparin group according to inflammation grades. Significant antiapoptotic properties of AT III were observed while hemorrhage was more common in the Enoxaparin group. CONCLUSION: Anticoagulants such as AT III and enoxaparin are promising drugs in the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.

Özet

AMAÇ: Çalışmamızda, travmatik beyin hasarı sonrasında verilen AT III ve Enoksaparin’in nöroprotektif etkinliğini göstermeyi amaçladık. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇ: Denekler 4 gruba ayrıldı: Grup 1 kontrol grubu, grup 2 travma grubu, grup 3 AT III grubu ve grup 4 Enoksaparin grubu. Ağırlık düşürme tekniği ile ağır kafa travması oluşturuldu. 48 saat sonra denekler sakrifiye edildi. Histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal değerlendirmeler yapıldı. Spesimenler hücre ölümü, inflamasyon, apoptoz ve hemoraji açısından derecelendirildi. BULGULAR: Kontrol grubundaki denekler normal beyin dokusu ile uyumlu iken, travma grubundaki deneklerde belirgin hasar saptandı. Travma grubundaki 8 denekte (%80) minimal inflamasyon ve grade 5 hücre ölümü görüldü. Nöronal hücre ölümü değerleri göz önüne alındığında AT III tedavisinin, Enoksaparin tedavisinden daha etkili olduğu görüldü. İnflamasyon skorları değerlendirildiğinde AT III ve Enoksaparin grupları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0,001). AT III tedavisinin antiapoptotik etkinliği daha belirgin iken Enoksaparin grubunda hemoraji daha sık görüldü. SONUÇ: AT III ve Enoksaparin gibi antikoagülan ilaçlar travmatik beyin yaralanmasında umut vaat eden ajanlardır.

🔖

Cite This Article

ŞEN, O., SÖNMEZ, E., ÇEKİNMEZ, M., ÖZEN, Ö., CANER, H. (2011). Antitrombin III ve enoksaparin tedavisi, sıçanlarda oluşturulmuş travmatik beyin yaralanması modelinde hücre ölümü, inflamasyon, hemoraji ve apoptozu azaltmaktadır. Turkish Neurosurgery, Cilt: 21 - Sayı: 2, 203–209. https://ajindex.com/articles/417874

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (1)

  1. Allen GV, Gerami D, Esser MJ: Conditioning effects of repetitive mild neurotrauma on motor function in an animal model of focal brain injury. Neuroscience 99:93-105, 2000 2. Arai M, Goto T, Seichi A, Nakamura K: Effects of antithrombin III on spinal cord-evoked potentials and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29:405-412, 2004 3. Grenander A, Bredbacka S, Rydvall A, Aroch R, Edner G, Koskinen LO, Olivecrona M: Antithrombin treatment in patients with traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 13:49-56, 2001 4. Hoots WK: Experience with antithrombin concentrates in neurotrauma patients. Semin Thromb Hemost 23(1):3-16, 1997 5. Ilias W, List W, Decruyenaere J, Lignian H, Knaub S, Schindel F, Keinecke HO, Heinrichs H, Thijs LG: Antithrombin III in patients with severe sepsis: a pharmacokinetic study. Intensive Care Med 26:704-715, 2000 6. Kang HJ, Choi YS, Hong SB, Kim KW, Woo RS, Won SJ, Kim EJ, Jeon HK, Jo SY, Kim TK, Bachoo R, Reynolds IJ, Gwag BJ, Lee HW: Ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase protects against brain injury resulting from ischemia and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 24:1280-1287, 2004 7. Kaufman HH, Hui KS, Mattson JC, Borit A, Childs TL, Hoots WK, Bernstein DP, Makela ME, Wagner KA, Kahan BD, et al.: Clinicopathological correlations of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with head injury. Neurosurgery 15:34-42, 1984 8. Larner SF, Hayes RL, McKinsey DM, Pike BR, Wang KK: Increased expression and processing of caspase-12 after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurochem 88:78-90, 2004 9. Marciano PG, Brettschneider J, Manduchi E, Davis JE, Eastman S, Raghupathi R, Saatman KE, Speed TP, Stoeckert CJ, Jr., Eberwine JH, McIntosh TK: Neuron-specific mRNA complexity responses during hippocampal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci 24:2866-2876, 2004 10. Martin LJ, Price AC, McClendon KB, Al-Abdulla NA, Subramaniam JR, Wong PC, Liu Z: Early events of target deprivation/axotomyinduced neuronal apoptosis in vivo: oxidative stress, DNA damage, p53 phosphorylation and subcellular redistribution of death proteins. J Neurochem 85:234-247, 2003 11. Pratt J, Boudeau P, Uzan A, Imperato A, Stutzmann J: Enoxaparin reduces cerebral edema after photothrombotic injury in the rat. Haemostasis 28:78-85, 1998 12. Stein SC, Chen XH, Sinson GP, Smith DH: Intravascular coagulation: A major secondary insult in nonfatal traumatic brain injury. J Neuros