Journals / Türk Fertilite Dergisi / 2004 / Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 2

Effects of smoking and oral contraceptives on protein C, protein S and antitrombin III levels

Sigara ve oral kontraseptif kullanımının protein C, protein S ve antitrombin III düzeylerine etkisi

Pages
129–135
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Oral contraceptive users that smoke might warrant close follow-up.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: To investigate the effects of low-dose oral contraceptive usage among smoking and nonsmoking women on some blood coagulation factors.
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods: Three groups were formed: 21 women, who were non-smokers (group 1); 18 women, who were smokers (group 2); and 18 non-smoker controls.
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Conclusion & Impact:Oral contraceptive users that smoke might warrant close follow-up.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Antitrombin III · Gebelik önleyiciler · oral

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effects of low-dose oral contraceptive usage among smoking and nonsmoking women on some blood coagulation factors. Instution: Süleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Material and Methods: Three groups were formed: 21 women, who were non-smokers (group 1); 18 women, who were smokers (group 2); and 18 non-smoker controls. Women in group 1 and group 2 were put on low-dose oral contraceptives for 6 months. At the and of the 6-month period, serum protein C, protein S, antitrombin III, fibrinogen, protrombin time, and activated partial tromboplastin time were measured. Groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Protein C levels were significantly decreased (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively) and fibrinogen levels were significantly increased (p=0.0001 and p=0.003, respectively) in oral contraceptive users (group 1 and group 2) compared to controls. Protein S levels were significantly increased in group 1 (p=0.005), but not in group 2. Conclusion: Lower protein C and increased fibrinogen values in non-smoker oral contraceptive users might have been balanced by increased protein S levels. However, smoking may lead to increased thrombosis risk as protective increase in protein S levels are not seen in smokers. Oral contraceptive users that smoke might warrant close follow-up.

Özet

Amaç: Sigara alışkanlığı olan veya sigara kullanmayan ve kontrasepsiyon amacıyla düşük doz oral kontraseptif kullanan kadınlardaki bazı kan pıhtılaşma faktörlerindeki değişiklikleri incelemektir. Çalışmanın Yapıldığı Yer: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği. Materyal ve Metod: Sigara kullanmayan 21 kadın grup 1’i, sigara kullanan 18 kadın grup2’yi ve hiç sigara kullanmamış 18 sağlıklı kadın ise kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Grup 1 ve grup 2 deki kadınlara 6 ay süreyle düşük doz oral kontraseptif başlandı. Altıncı ayın sonunda kan örneklerinde protein C, protein S, antitrombin III, fibrinojen, protrombin zamanı ve aktive parsiyel tromboplastin zamanı çalışıldı. Gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırmalar tek yönlü varyans analizi ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Oral kontraseptif kullananlarda (grup 1 ve grup 2) protein C düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak düşük (sırasıyla, p=0.0001 ve p=0.0001), fibrinojen düzeyleri anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla, p=0.0001 ve p=0.003). Protein S düzeyi ise grup 1‘de anlamlı olarak yüksek (p=0.005) iken, grup 2‘de anlamlı değişiklik yoktu. Sonuçlar:Sigara alışkanlığı olmayan oral kontraseptif kullanan kadınlarda protein C azalması ve fibrinojen artışının neden olabileceği tromboz riskindeki artış, protein S artışı ile dengede tutulabilir. Fakat, sigara alışkanlığı olanlarda protein S düzeyindeki koruyucu değişikliğin izlenmemesi nedeniyle tromboz riskindeki artış daha fazla olabilir. Sigara alışkanlığı olan oral kontraseptif kullanıcılarının yakın takibi önemli olabilir.

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Cite This Article

KAYA, H., SEZİK, M., ÖZKAYA, O., KÖSE, S. A., ŞAHİNER, Ş., TUNÇ, B. (2004). Effects of smoking and oral contraceptives on protein C, protein S and antitrombin III levels. Türk Fertilite Dergisi, Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 2, 129–135. https://ajindex.com/articles/417118

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