Theoretical and policy implications are discussed in the conclusion part.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The goal of this paper is to examine the education-growth nexus for 5 middle-income countries (Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey) using schooling rate as the indicator of education over the period 1987-2015.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The paper first performs cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity tests and then employs the bootstrap panel Granger causality test developed by Konya (2006).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Theoretical and policy implications are discussed in the conclusion part.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:middle-income trap · human capital · education
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to examine the education-growth nexus for 5 middle-income countries (Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey) using schooling rate as the indicator of education over the period 1987-2015. The paper first performs cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity tests and then employs the bootstrap panel Granger causality test developed by Konya (2006). According to the findings, while there is unidirectional causality from schooling rate to GDP in Thailand, there is unidirectional causality from GDP to schooling rate in South Africa. The findings of the paper indicate that schooling rate is not a good proxy for human capital. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed in the conclusion part.
BULUT, Ü., BULUT, A. S. K. (2018). Education-growth nexus in middle-income countries: an empirical examination for schooling rates. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, Cilt: 4 - Sayı: 4, 560–570. https://ajindex.com/articles/414638
Acemoglu, D. (2009). Introduction to modern economic growth. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Afzal, M., Rehman, H. U., Farooq, S., & Sarwar, K. (2011). Education and economic growth in Pakistan: a cointegration and causality analysis. International Journal of Educational Research, 50, 321-335.
Agenor, P. R., Canuto, O., & Jelenic, M. (2012). Avoiding middle-income growth traps. The World Bank Economic Premise, 98. Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Jour-nal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443.
Barro, R. J., & Lee, J. W. (1993). International comparisons of educational attain-ment. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3), 363-394.
Barro, R. J. (2001). Human capital and growth. The American Economic Review, 91(2), 12-17.
Breton, T. R. (2011). The quality vs. the quantity of schooling: what drives economic growth?. Economics of Education Review, 30(4), 765-773.
Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
Bulut, U., & Bulut, A. S. (2015). The role of schooling in struggling with the middle-income trap: dynamic panel data analysis. Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences, 2(4), 205-215.
Chen, S., & Luoh, M. (2010). Are mathematics and science test scores good indicators for labor-force quality?. Social Indicators Research, 96(1), 133-143.
Cohen, D., & Soto, M. (2007). Growth and human capital: good data, good re-sults. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 51-76.
Delgado, M. S., Henderson, D. J., & Parmeter, C. F. (2014). Does education matter for economic growth?. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 76(3), 334-359.
Doppelhofer, G., Miller, R. I., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (2000). Determinants of long-term growth: A Bayesian averaging of classical estimates (BACE) approach. NBER Working Paper, 7750. Durlauf, S. N., Kourtellos, A., & Tan, C. M. (2008). Are any growth theories robust?. The Economic Journal, 118(527), 329-346.
Easterly, W., & Levine, R. (1997). Africa's growth tragedy: policies and ethnic divi-sions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4), 1203-1250.
Eichengreen, B., Park, D., & Shin, K. (2013). Growth slowdowns redux: new evidence on the middle-income trap. NBER Working Paper, 18673. Felipe, J., Abdon, A., & Kumar, U. (2012). Tracking the middle-income trap: what is it, who is in it, and why?. Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Working Paper, 715. Gill,