Journals / Türkderm Türk deri hastalıkları ve frengi arşivi / 2021 / Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 1

Cutaneous manifestations in children patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Tip 1 diabetes mellituslu çocuk hastalarda deri bulguları

Pages
22–26
DOI
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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Although not statistically significant, it was found that the disease duration was longer and HbA1c levels were higher in T1DM patients with rubeosis faciei or xerosis.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Background and Design: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can cause significant changes in the skin.
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Key Findings & Data:However, there are limited studies examining the skin findings in children with T1DM.
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Conclusion & Impact:Although not statistically significant, it was found that the disease duration was longer and HbA1c levels were higher in T1DM patients with rubeosis faciei or xerosis.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Background and Design: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can cause significant changes in the skin. However, there are limited studies examining the skin findings in children with T1DM. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of skin lesions in children with T1DM. Additionally, this study also evaluates the relationship of skin lesions with disease duration and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 65 children with T1DM and 78 age- and sex-matched healthy children. Importantly, detailed skin examinations of the cases were conducted. Results: The mean age at the onset of disease was 7.1±3.7 years, and the mean duration of T1DM was 45.9±40.4 months. The mean level of HbA1c in children with T1DM was determined as 8.0±1.6%. In total, 9 (13.8%) of the patients were using insulin infusion pump, whereas 56 of them were using multiple insulin injections therapy. At least one skin lesion related to insulin treatment was recorded in 54 patients (83%). Bruises (50.8%), lipohypertrophy (44.6%), and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (26.2%) were among the most observed skin reactions related to the insulin treatment. However, hypopigmented scar was the most frequently observed skin reaction related to the insulin treatment among the patients using insulin infusion pump (5/9, 55%). Only xerosis and rubeosis faciei diabeticorum were found to be significantly higher in the T1DM group, as compared to healthy controls. Xerosis was observed in 19 (29%) patients with DM and 8 (10.2%) healthy controls, whereas rubeosis faciei was observed in 6 (9.2%) patients with DM and 1 (1.3%) healthy control. Although not statistically significant, it was found that the disease duration was longer and HbA1c levels were higher in T1DM patients with rubeosis faciei or xerosis. Conclusion: We believe that significant benefits can be provided for the management and prevention of skin findings in children with T1DM through the training of the patients and caregivers as well as by increasing the awareness of physicians.

Özet

Amaç: Tip 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), çocukluk çağının en yaygın kronik hastalıklarından biri olup, önemli deri değişikliklerine neden olabilmektedir. T1DM’li çocuk hastalarda deri bulgularını inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Çalışmamızda, T1DM’li çocuk hastalarda deri lezyonlarının sıklığını tanımlamak ve bu deri lezyonlarının hastalık süresi ve hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) düzeyi ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmada T1DM tanılı 65 çocuk hasta ve yaş ve cinsiyet olarak eşleştirilmiş 78 sağlıklı çocuk değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya alınan olguların ayrıntılı deri muayeneleri yapıldı. Bulgular: T1DM’li çocukların ortalama hastalık başlangıç yaşı 7,1±3,7 ve ortalama hastalık süresi 45,9±40,4 aydı. DM’li çocukların ortalama HbA1c değeri 8,0±1,6 olarak saptandı. Hastaların 9’u (%13,8) insülin infüzyon pompası kullanırken, 56’sı multipl doz insülin enjeksiyon tedavisi uygulamaktaydı. Hastaların 54’ünde (%83) insülin tedavisi ile ilişkili en az bir deri reaksiyonu mevcuttu. Sırasıyla; ekimoz (%50,8), lipohipertrofi (%44,6) ve post-enflamatuvar hiperpigmentasyon (%26,2) en sıklıkla saptanan insülin tedavisi ilişkili deri reaksiyonlarıydı. Ancak insülin infüzyon pompası kullanan hastalar arasında en sık insülin tedavisi ilişkili deri reaksiyonu hipopigmente skar (5/9, %55) olarak bulundu. Sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında, tip 1 DM’li grupta diyabet ile ilişki deri belirtilerinden sadece kserozis kutis ve rubeosis faciei diyabetikorumun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek olduğu görüldü. Kserozis kutis DM’li hastalarda 19 (%29), sağlıklı kontrollerde 8 (%10,2), rubeosis faciei ise DM’li hastalarda 6 (%9,2), sağlıklı kontrollerde 1 (%1,3) olguda saptandı. Anlamlı bir ilişki gösterilememiş olsa da, rubeosis faciei veya kserozis kutisi olan hastaların, olmayanlara göre hastalık süresi daha uzun, HbA1c düzeyi daha yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Hasta ve bakım verenlerin eğitimi, bilinçlendirilmesi ve hekimlerin farkındalığının artırılması ile T1DM’li çocuklarda, deri bulgularının yönetimi ve önlenmesi için oldukça önemli faydalar sağlanacağını düşünüyoruz.

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Cite This Article

GÜVEN, M., ANIK, A., ÜNÜVAR, T., ŞENDUR, N. (2021). Cutaneous manifestations in children patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Türkderm Türk deri hastalıkları ve frengi arşivi, Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 1, 22–26. https://ajindex.com/articles/414074

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