Journals / Turkish Journal of Hematology / 2013 / Cilt: 30 - Sayı: 2

William Dameshek’e (1940-1950) Göre tedavi açısından polistemia vera’nın fizyopatolojisi, etiyolojik faktörleri, tanısı ve seyri

Physiopathology, etiologic factors, diagnosis, and course of polycythemia vera as related to therapy according to William Dameshek, 1940-1950

Pages
102–110
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The enlarged spleen is made up largely of metaplastic marrow tissue in primary myeloid metaplasia of the spleen.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:According to Dameshek, true polycythemia (polycythemia vera: PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder of the total bone marrow without any evidence of invasiveness, in which erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis are all simultaneously present.
📊
Key Findings & Data:As to the etiology, Dameshek proposed 2 highly speculative possibilities in 1950: the presence of excessive bone marrow stimulation by an unknown factor or factors, and a lack or a diminution in the normal inhibitory factor or factors.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The enlarged spleen is made up largely of metaplastic marrow tissue in primary myeloid metaplasia of the spleen.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2005 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

According to Dameshek, true polycythemia (polycythemia vera: PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder of the total bone marrow without any evidence of invasiveness, in which erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis are all simultaneously present. A possible hereditary or transmitted tendency may be present, but actual familial polycythemia is rare. As to the etiology, Dameshek proposed 2 highly speculative possibilities in 1950: the presence of excessive bone marrow stimulation by an unknown factor or factors, and a lack or a diminution in the normal inhibitory factor or factors. Dameshek’s hypothesis was confirmed in 2005 by Vainchenker in France by the discovery of the acquired JAK2V617F mutation as the cause of 3 phenotypes of classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: essential thrombocythemia, PV, and myelofibrosis. The JAK2V617F mutation induces a loss of inhibitory activity of the JH2 pseudokinase part on the JH1 kinase part of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). This leads to enhanced activity of the normal JH1 kinase activity of JAK2, which makes the mutated hematopoietic stem cells hypersensitive to the hematopoietic growth factors thrombopoietin, erythropoietin, insulin-like growth factor-1, stem cell factor, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, resulting in trilinear myeloproliferation. In retrospect, the situation observed by Dameshek where all “stops” to blood production in the bone marrow are pulled in PV is caused by the JAK2V617F mutation. Dameshek considered PV patients as fundamentally normal and therefore the treatment should be as physiologic as possible. For this reason, a systematic phlebotomy/iron deficiency method of treatment was recommended; the use of radioactive phosphorus is reserved for refractory cases and cases of major thrombosis. If the patient lives long enough and does not succumb to the effects of thrombosis or other complications, the marrow will gradually show signs of diminished activity. The blood smear shows nucleated red cells, increased polychromatophilia, and immature granulocytes of various types. With increasing reduction of erythropoietic tissue, myelofibrosis becomes more of an organized mass of fibrous tissue. There is prominent extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen, which becomes extraordinarily large and in some cases occupies almost the entire abdominal cavity. The enlarged spleen is made up largely of metaplastic marrow tissue in primary myeloid metaplasia of the spleen.

Özet

Dameshek’e göre gerçek polistemi (polistemia vera: PV) eş zamanlı eritrositoz, lökositoz ve trombositozun olduğu, yayılma özelliği göstermeyen, tüm kemik iliğini ilgilendiren miyeloproliferatif bir hastalıktır. Olası kalıtsal veya iletilebilme eğilimi olabilir, ancak gerçek ailevi polistemi nadirdir. Etyolojiye yönelik olarak Dameshek 1950’de iki çok tartışmalı olasılık ileri sürmüştür: bilinmeyen faktör veya faktörlerce kemik iliğinin aşırı uyarılması ve normal baskılayıcı faktör veya faktörlerin eksikliği veya olmaması. Dameshek’in hipotezi 2005 yılında Fransa’da Vainchecker tarafından 3 klasik miyeloproliferatif neoplazinin fenotipinin nedeni olarak edinsel JAK2V617F mutasyonunun keşfi ile ispatlandı: esansiyel trombositemi, PV ve miyelofibroz. JAK2V617F mutasyonu Janus kinaz 2 (JAK2)’nin parçası JH1 kinaz üzerinde yer alan JH2 yalancı kinazın baskılayıcı aktivitesinin kaybına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum JAK2’nin normal JH1 kinaz aktivitesinin artışına neden olarak mutasyona uğramış hematopoetik kök hücrelerini trombopoetin, eritropoetin, insulin-benzeri büyüme faktörü-1, kök hücre faktörü ve granülosit koloni uyarıcı faktor gibi hematopoetik büyüme faktörlerine karşı ileri derecede hassaslaştırmak suretiyle her üç seride miyeloproliferasyona neden olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Dameshek tarafından gözlemlenen durum PV’da kemik iliğinde kan üretiminini sınırlayan tüm kontrol basamaklarının JAK2V617F mutasyonu ile ortadan kaldırıldığıdır. Dameshek PV hastalarını özünde normal olarak değerlendirdiğinden tedavinin mümkün olduğunca fizyolojik olması gerekmekteydi. Bu nedenle, sistematik flebotomi/demir eksikliği tedavi metodu önerildi; radyoaktif fosfor kullanımı dirençli ve major trombozu olan hastalara saklandı. Hasta yeterince uzun yaşar ve tromboz etkisi ya da diğer komplikasyonlara bağlı kaybedilmezse, ilik giderek azalan aktivite belirtileri gösterecektir. Kan yaymasında çekirdekli eritrositler, artmış polikromatofili, değişik tiplerde olgunlaşmamış granülositler izlenir. Eritropoetik dokunun gittikçe azalmasıyla, miyelofibroz daha çok organize bir fibröz doku kitlesine dönüşür. Aşırı büyüyen ve bazı olgularda tüm karın boşluğunu dolduran dalakta belirgin ekstramedüller hematopoez vardır. Büyümüş dalak, büyük ölçüde dalağın primer miyeloid metaplazisi alanında yerleşen metastatik kemik iliğinden meydana gelir.

🔖

Cite This Article

MİCHİELS, J. J. (2013). William Dameshek’e (1940-1950) Göre tedavi açısından polistemia vera’nın fizyopatolojisi, etiyolojik faktörleri, tanısı ve seyri. Turkish Journal of Hematology, Cilt: 30 - Sayı: 2, 102–110. https://ajindex.com/articles/412869

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (9)

  1. Dameshek W, Henstell HH. The diagnosis of polycythemia. Ann Intern Med 1940:13:1360-1387
  2. Dameshek W. Physiopathology and course of polycythemia vera as related to therapy. JAMA 1950:142:790-796
  3. Dameshek W, Miller CE. The megakaryocytes in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a form of hypersplenism. Blood 1946;1:27-51
  4. Rezminoff P, Foot NC, Bethea JM. Etiologic and pathologic factors in polycythemia vera. Am J Med Sci 1935;189:753- 758
  5. Dameshek W. The treatment of polycythemia. Blood 1946;1:256
  6. James C, Ugo V, Le Couédic JP, Staerk J, Delhommeau F Lacout C, Garçon L, Raslova H, Berger R, Bennaceur- Griscelli A, Villeval JL, Constantinescu SN, Casadevall N, Vainchenker W. A unique clonal JAK2 mutation leading to constitutive signalling causes polycythemia vera. Nature 2005;434:1144-1148
  7. Vainchenker W, Constantinescu SN. A unique activating mutation in JAK2 (V617F) is at the origin of polycythemia vera and allows a new classification of myeloproliferative diseases. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Progr 2005:195-20 8. Michiels JJ, De Raeve H, Berneman Z, Van Bockstaele D, Hebeda K, Lam K, Schroyens W. The 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) and the updated European Clinical and Pathological (ECP) criteria for the diagnosis, classification and staging of the Philadelphia chromosome- negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Sem Thromb Hemostas 2006;32:307-340
  8. Michiels JJ, Berneman Z, Van Bockstaele D, Van Der Planken M, De Raeve H, Schroyens W. Clinical and laboratory features of platelet-mediated thrombosis and bleeding complications, and the molecular etiology of essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera: therapeutic implications. Sem Thromb Hemosts 2006;32:174-207
  9. Erf LA. Primary polycythemia: remissions induced by therapy with radiophosphorus. Blood 1946;1:202-208.