Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2021 / Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 4

Two Case of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormicosis Developed After COVID-19 Infection

COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu Sonrası Gelişen İki Rino-Orbito-Serebral Mukormikoz Olgusu

Pages
673–682
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Therefore, clinicians should more frequently consider possible fungal infections in patients with COVID-19.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes excessive cytokine response and a decrease in cellular immune response and this increases susceptibility to fungal co-infections.
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Key Findings & Data:In this report, two cases who developed rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis shortly after having COVID-19 infection were presented.
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Conclusion & Impact:Therefore, clinicians should more frequently consider possible fungal infections in patients with COVID-19.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2019 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes excessive cytokine response and a decrease in cellular immune response and this increases susceptibility to fungal co-infections. Mucormycosis is a rare, lifethreatening invasive fungal infection. In this report, two cases who developed rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis shortly after having COVID-19 infection were presented. The first case was a 68-year old woman who admitted to our clinic with orbital cellulitis in her left eye and had a known diagnosis of asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia 40 days ago, stayed in the intensive care unit for a long time, and received pulse steroid (1000 mg methylprednisolone), interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor (anakinra) and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments together with antiviral therapy during this period. The second case was a 63-year-old male patient with known diabetes mellitus, hypertension and retinitis pigmentosa, with a history of hospitalization in the intensive care unit due to COVID-19 pneumonia 20 days ago and received pulse steroid therapy during this period. He admitted to our clinic with the complaints of droopy right eyelid, swelling, nausea and vomiting. In both cases, paranasal sinus tomography findings were consistent with invasive sinusitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed immediately in less than 16 hours from the first admission in both cases. Histopathological examination of the both cases revealed results consistent with mucormycosis. Mucorales spp. was isolated in sinus tissue culture of the second case taken during the operation. Both of the patients received liposomal amphotericin B. First case died on the 19th day of the treatment. Second case was discharged with full recovery after nine weeks of treatment. The suppression of cellular immunity during the COVID-19 infection, and the use of steroids and interleukin inhibitors in the treatment of severe cases may increase secondary invasive fungal infections. Therefore, clinicians should more frequently consider possible fungal infections in patients with COVID-19.

Özet

Koronavirüs 2019 (COVID-19) enfeksiyonu, aşırı sitokin yanıtına ve hücresel bağışık yanıtta azalmaya neden olmakta ve bunun sonucu olarak mantar ko-enfeksiyonlarına duyarlılığı arttırmaktadır. Mukormikoz nadir görülen, hayatı tehdit eden invaziv bir fungal enfeksiyondur. Bu raporda COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirdikten kısa bir süre sonra rino-orbito-serebral mukormikoz gelişen iki olgu sunulmuştur. Olgulardan birincisi sol gözde orbital selülit ile polikliniğimize başvuran 68 yaşında bir kadın olup bilinen astım, romatoid artrit tanısı mevcuttu. Kırk gün önce COVID-19 pnömonisi tanısı almış, uzun süre yoğun bakımda kalmış ve bu dönemde antiviral tedavi ile birlikte pulse steroid (1000 mg metilprednisolon), interlökin-1 (IL-1) inhibitörü (anakinra) ve geniş spektrumlu antibiyotik tedavileri uygulanmıştır. İkinci olgumuz ise 20 gün önce COVID-19 pnömonisi nedeniyle yoğun bakımda yatma ve bu dönemde pulse steroid tedavisi alma öyküsü olan, bilinen diyabetes mellitus, hipertansiyon ve retinitis pigmentosa tanıları olan 63 yaşında erkek hastaydı. Polikliniğimize sağ göz kapağında düşüklük, şişlik ve bulantı-kusma ile başvurmuştur. Her iki olgunun paranazal sinüs tomografisi invaziv sinüzit ile uyumlu bulunmuştur. Her iki olguya, başvuruları üzerinden 16 saat geçmeden hızla fonksiyonel endoskopik sinüs cerrahisi uygulanmıştır. Her iki olgunun histopatolojik incelemesinde mukormikoz ile uyumlu bulgular tespit edilmiştir. İkinci olgunun ameliyat sırasında alınan doku kültüründe Mucorales spp. üremiştir. Her iki olguya lipozomal amfoterisin B tedavisi verilmiştir. İlk olgumuz tedavinin 19. gününde ölümle sonuçlanmış; ikinci olgumuz dokuz haftalık tedavinin ardından şifayla taburcu edilmiştir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun hücresel bağışıklığı baskılaması, ağır olguların tedavisinde steroid ve interlökin inhibitörlerinin kullanılması sekonder invaziv mantar enfeksiyonlarını arttırabilir. Bu nedenle klinisyenler, COVID-19 pnömonisi geçiren hastalarda olası mantar enfeksiyonlarını daha sık düşünmelidirler.

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Cite This Article

DEMİROĞLU, Y. Z., ÖDEMİŞ, İ., ORUÇ, E., ÖZER, F., ULAŞ, B., CANPOLAT, T., YALÇIN, Ç., ŞANLI, Ö. Ö. (2021). Two Case of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormicosis Developed After COVID-19 Infection. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 4, 673–682. https://ajindex.com/articles/408987

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