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AI InsightThus, our present findings may contributeto the understanding of fasting-gut microbiota interaction.
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Background/Aims: It has been largely accepted that dietary habits affect intestinal microbiota composition. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that time-restricted feeding, which can be regarded as a type of intermittent fasting, may have a distinct effect on intestinalmicrobiota. Ramadan fasting is an excellent model to understand how time-restricted feeding affect the microbiota.Materials and Methods: A total of nine subjects were included in this study during Ramadan, consisting of 17 h of fasting/day during a29-day period. Stool samples were collected at baseline and the day of the end of Ramadan. 16S rRNA qPCR assay has been performedfor quantification of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides fragilis group, and Enterobacteriaceae. Blood samples were also collected to test for metabolic and nutritional parameters.Results: A significantly increased abundance of A. muciniphila and B. fragilis group was observed in all subjects after Islamic fastingwhen compared with the baseline levels (p=0.004 and 0.008, respectively). Serum fasting glucose and total cholesterol levels were alsosignificantly reduced in all of the subjects (p<0.01 and p=0.009, respectively).Conclusion: Islamic fasting, which represents intermittent fasting, leads to an increase in A. muciniphila and B. fragilis group, which wereconsidered as healthy gut microbiota members. Although this is a pilot study, which should be tested with larger sample size, there are avery limited number of studies in the literature on fasting and microbiota in human subjects. Thus, our present findings may contributeto the understanding of fasting-gut microbiota interaction.