Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2021 / Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 4

Burden of Pneumococcal Meningitis and Bacteremia, Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance in Healthy Children After Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine Implementation: Single Center Experience

Sağlıklı Çocuklarda Konjuge Pnömokok Aşısı Uygulaması Sonrası Pnömokokal Menenjit ve Bakteriyemi Hastalık Yükü, Serotip Dağılımı ve Antibiyotik Direnci: Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Pages
492–506
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

When the children under the age of five were evaluated, it was found that 30 (79%) patients were diagnosed with occult bacteremia/sepsis and 8 (21%) with meningitis.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In Turkey, the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV7) was included in the childhood national immunization programme in April 2008 and was replaced by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) in April 2011.
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Key Findings & Data:In this retrospective, single-center study, it was aimed to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of pediatric patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after the introduction of PVC7 and PVC13.
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Conclusion & Impact:When the children under the age of five were evaluated, it was found that 30 (79%) patients were diagnosed with occult bacteremia/sepsis and 8 (21%) with meningitis.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2008 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In Turkey, the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV7) was included in the childhood national immunization programme in April 2008 and was replaced by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) in April 2011. In this retrospective, single-center study, it was aimed to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of pediatric patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after the introduction of PVC7 and PVC13. Fifty pediatric patients diagnosed with meningitis and sepsis/bacteremia between October 2009 and October 2019 were included in the study. The pediatric patient group consisted of previously healthy patients diagnosed with meningitis and sepsis/bacteremia with S.pneumoniae isolated in their blood or cerebrospinal fluids. Patients with pneumonia-associated bacteremia and empyema were not included in the study. Serotyping of the isolates was performed by Quellung reaction using specific antisera (Statens Serum Institute, Denmark) and antibiotic (penicillin and ceftriaxone) susceptibility was determined by antibiotic gradient method based on Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. Of the children, 29 (58%) were boys and 21 (42%) were girls. The median age of the patients was 19 months (1 month-18 year). When the children under the age of five were evaluated, it was found that 30 (79%) patients were diagnosed with occult bacteremia/sepsis and 8 (21%) with meningitis. The overall annual incidence rate of IPD among the healthy children aged 0.05). The most common serotypes detected in isolates were 19F, 23F, 7F, 31 and 24B. According to the minimum inhibitory concentration values of the isolates recovered from patients with meningitis, penicillin and ceftriaxone resistance rates were found as 43.9% and 9.8%, respectively. In conclusion, our study showed that there was a 91.1% decrease in the incidence of IPD in healthy children aged under five years after the implementation of PCV7 and PCV13. It was determined that while the rate of serotypes in vaccine content decreased, there was an increase in non-vaccine serotypes. In addition no significant change was observed in antibiotic resistance rates over the years.

Özet

Türkiye’de yedi bileşenli konjuge pnömokok aşısı (KPA7), çocukluk çağı ulusal aşı takvimine Nisan 2008’de alınmış ve Nisan 2011’de bu aşı yerini 13-bileşenli konjuge pnömokok aşısına (KPA13) bırakmıştır. Geriye dönük tek merkezli gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, KPA7 ve KPA13’ün uygulamaya başlanmasından sonra invaziv pnömokok hastalığı (İPH) nedeni ile Streptococcus pneumoniae üreyen çocuk hasta izolatlarında serotip dağılımı ve antibiyotik direncinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Ekim 2009 ile Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında menenjit ve sepsis/bakteriyemi tanısı konulan 50 çocuk hasta dahil edilmiştir. Çocuk hasta grubu, önceden sağlıklı olup kan veya beyin omurilik sıvılarında S.pneumoniae izole edilen menenjit ve sepsis/bakteriyemi tanısı alan hastalardan oluşmuştur. Pnömoni ilişkili bakteriyemi ve ampiyem tanısı olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmemiştir. İzolatların serotiplendirme işlemi özgül antiserumlar (Statens Serum Institute, Danimarka) kullanılarak Quellung reaksiyonu ile yapılmış ve antibiyotik (penisilinve seftriakson) duyarlılıkları ise Klinik ve Laboratuvar Standartları Enstitüsü [Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)] kriterleri temel alınarak antibiyotik gradiyent yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çocukların 29 (%58)’u erkek, 21 (%42)’i kız olarak saptanmış ve hastaların ortanca yaşı 19 ay (1 ay-18 yıl) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Beş yaş altındaki çocuklar değerlendirildiğinde 30 (%79) hastanın gizli bakteriyemi/sepsis ve 8 (%21)’inin menenjit tanısı aldığı saptanmıştır. Çalışma süresince beş yaş altı sağlıklı çocuklarda yıllık İPH sıklığının, 2009 yılında 100 000 hastane başvurusunda 9.35 olduğu, bu değerin 2019’da 0.83’e gerilediği istatistiksel olarak anlamlı saptanmıştır (p 0.05). İzolatlarda en sık saptanan serotipler 19F, 23F, 7F, 31 ve 24B olarak belirlenmiştir. Menenjitli hastalardan elde edilen izolatların minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon değerlerine göre penisilin ve seftriaksona direnç oranı sırasıyla %43.9 ve %9.8 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda KPA7 ve KPA13 uygulaması sonrası beş yaş altı çocuklarda İPH’nin sıklığında %91.1 oranında azalma olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda aşı içeriğindeki serotiplerin oranı azalırken, aşı dışı serotiplerde artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, antibiyotik direnç oranlarında yıllara göre belirgin bir değişim gözlenmemiştir.

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Cite This Article

ÖZDEMİR, H., DAĞ, N. E., TAŞKIN, E. Ç., KONCA, H. K., ARGA, G., ÖTGÜN, S. N., GÜRİZ, H., ELHAN, A. H., ÇİFTÇİ, E., İNCE, E. (2021). Burden of Pneumococcal Meningitis and Bacteremia, Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance in Healthy Children After Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine Implementation: Single Center Experience. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 4, 492–506. https://ajindex.com/articles/398617

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