Journals / Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2010 / Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 1

Propofol injeksiyon ağrısına nikotin tedavisinin etkisi

The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain

Pages
18–22
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These results suggest that smokers' awareness of pain increases and nicotine has an analgesic effect.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objectives: Smokers had higher risk than nonsmokers for pain.
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Key Findings & Data:The incidence of pain on injection of propofol has been reported to be 70%.
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Conclusion & Impact:These results suggest that smokers' awareness of pain increases and nicotine has an analgesic effect.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objectives: Smokers had higher risk than nonsmokers for pain. The incidence of pain on injection of propofol has been reported to be 70%. We explored the relationship between smoking habits and propofol injection pain, whether nicotine replacement has an influence on intensity or incidence of pain associated with propofol in smokers. Patients and Methods: Two hundred patients ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status 1, undergoing elective surgical procedures were studied. Hundred (50-50) patients who used cigarette were included in smoker group and nicotine group. Hundred (50-50) patients who never used tobacco were included in nonsmoker (NS) group and NS+nicotine group. Prior to surgery, the anesthesiologist gave a nicotine gum to nicotine group which was randomized in smokers and nonsmokers. The severity of propofol injection pain was evaluated using four point scale (none, mild, moderate, and severe). Results: Incidence of pain was higher in the smoker group compared with the nonsmoker, nicotine and NS+nicotine groups. The intensity of mild pain was higher in the smoker group compared with the nonsmoker group. The intensity of moderate+severe pain was lower in the NS+nicotine group compared with the nonsmoker and smoker and nicotine groups. Conclusion: The incidence of propofol injection pain and intensity of mild pain increased in smokers deprived of nicotine. Nicotine replacement in these patients reduced the incidence of propofol injection pain similar to nonsmokers. When nonsmokers were given nicotine, intensity of moderate+severe pain decreased. These results suggest that smokers' awareness of pain increases and nicotine has an analgesic effect.

Özet

Amaç: Sigara içenlerde içmeyenlere oranla ağrı riski daha fazladır. Propofol injeksiyon ağrısının insidansı %70'tir. Bu çalışmada, sigara içme alışkanlıkları ile propofol injeksiyon ağrısı arasındaki ilişkiyi, sigara içenlerde nikotin replasmanının propofol injeksiyon ağrısının yoğunluk ve insidansı üzerine etkisi olup olmadığını araştırdık. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Elektif cerrahi girişim geçirecek olan ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) fiziksel durumu I, iki yüz hasta, sigara kullananlar (50'si sigara içenler-50'si sigara içenler/nikotin replasmanı yapılanlar) ve sigara kullanmayanlar (50'si sigara içmeyenler, 50'si sigara içmeyenler/nikotin replasmanı yapılanlar) olarak rasgele gruplandırıldılar. Cerrahi öncesi anestezist, rasgele olarak sigara içenlerin 50'sine ve sigara içmeyenlerin 50'sine nikotin sakızı verdi. Propofol injeksiyon ağrısının şiddeti, dört nokta skalası (hiç, hafif, orta, şiddetli) kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ağrı sıklığı, sigara içenler grubunda sigara içmeyenler grubuna, sigara içen/nikotin grubuna, sigara içmeyen/nikotin grubuna oranla daha yüksekti. Hafif ağrının yoğunluğu, sigara içenler grubunda, sigara içmeyenler grubundan daha yüksekti. Orta şiddetli ağrının yoğunluğu, sigara içmeyen/nikotin grubunda; sigara içmeyenler, sigara içenler ve sigara içenler/nikotin grubuna oranla daha düşüktü. Sonuç: Propofol injeksiyon ağrısının sıklığı ve hafif ağrının yoğunluğu, nikotinden mahrum edilen sigara içicilerinde artmıştır. Bu hastalardaki nikotin replasmanı, propofol injeksiyon ağrısının insidansını sigara içmeyenler düzeyine düşürmüştür. Sigara içmeyenlere nikotin verildiğinde, orta ve şiddetli ağrının yoğunluğu azalmıştır. Bu sonuçlar göstermektedir ki; sigara içenlerde ağrının farkındalığı daha fazladır ve nikotinin analjezik etkisi vardır.

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Cite This Article

ERDEN, V., BAŞARANOĞLU, G., ERKALPİ, K., YANGIN, Z., DELATİOĞLU, H., TEKER, M., SAİTOĞLU, L. (2010). Propofol injeksiyon ağrısına nikotin tedavisinin etkisi. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 1, 18–22. https://ajindex.com/articles/369572

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