Are diabetes mellitus and lipoprotein(a) independently or causally associated with an increased cardiovascular risk?

References (9)

1. Muacevic-Katanec D, Reiner Zj. Diabetic dyslipidemia or 'diabetes lipidus'? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 9: 341-8
2. Ding L, Song A, Dai M, Xu M, Sun W, Xu B, et al. Serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations are inversely associated with T2D, prediabetes, and insulin resistance in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. J Lipid Res 2015; 56: 920-6
3. Singla S, Kaur K, Kaur G, Kaur H, Kaur J, Jaswal S. Lipoprotein (a) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Relation to LDL:HDL ratio and glycemic control. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2009; 29: 80-4
4. Smaoui M, Hammami S, Chaaba R, Attia N, Hamda KB, Masmoudi AS, et al. Lipids and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in Tunisian type 2 diabetic patients; Relationship to glycemic control and coronary heart disease. J Diabetes Complications 2004; 18: 258-63
5. Unlühizarci K, Muhtaroğlu S, Kabak S, Bayram F, Keleştimur F. Serum lipoprotein (a) levels in patients with diabetic foot lesions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 71: 119-23
6. Fonseca VA, Theuma P, Mudaliar S, Leissinger CA, Clejan S, Henry RR. Diabetes treatments have differential effects on nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors. J Diabetes Complications 2006; 20: 14- 20
7. Sánchez-Quesada JL, Vinagre I, de Juan-Franco E, SánchezHernández J, Blanco-Vaca F, Ordóñez-Llanos J, et al. Effect of improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on low-density lipoprotein size, electronegative low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 distribution. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110: 67-71
8. Kadoglou NP, Fotiadis G, Athanasiadou Z, Vitta I, Lampropoulos S, Vrabas IS. The effects of resistance training on ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, Lp(a) and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 2012; 42: 561-9
9. Kishitani Y. Clinical laboratory examination of diabetic patients in conjunction with metabolic syndrome. Rinsho Byori 2009; 57: 1066- 74.