Journals / Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni / 2017 / Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 1

The Mechanisms of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury During Thyroidectomy and The Impact of Continuous Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring on Surgical Strategy

Tiroidektomi esnasında rekürren laringeal sinirin yaralanma mekanizmaları ve devamlı intraoperatif sinir monitorizasyonunun cerrahi strateji üzerine etkisi

Pages
37–42
DOI
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The overall temporary and permanent unilateral VCP rates were 1.6% (n=6) and 0.8% (n=3), respectively in these 364 patients.

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: To evaluate the mechanisms of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during thyroidectomy and the impact of continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (C-IONM) on surgical strategy.Material and Methods: The data of 364 consecutive patients who underwent total or hemithyroidectomy between June 2014 and January 2016 were evaluated prospectively.
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Key Findings & Data:The mechanisms of RLN injury and the outcomes of the patients with combined events (CE) and loss of signal (LOS) were evaluated.Results: Combined events (CE) occurred in 6 (1.6%) of these 364 patients.
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Conclusion & Impact:The overall temporary and permanent unilateral VCP rates were 1.6% (n=6) and 0.8% (n=3), respectively in these 364 patients.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2014 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the mechanisms of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during thyroidectomy and the impact of continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (C-IONM) on surgical strategy.Material and Methods: The data of 364 consecutive patients who underwent total or hemithyroidectomy between June 2014 and January 2016 were evaluated prospectively. All patients underwent thyroidectomy by using C-IONM. The mechanisms of RLN injury and the outcomes of the patients with combined events (CE) and loss of signal (LOS) were evaluated.Results: Combined events (CE) occurred in 6 (1.6%) of these 364 patients. The reduced electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and prolonged latency recovered in all patients intraoperatively by the reversal of the medial traction maneuver. Loss of signal (LOS) occurred in 7(1.9%) patients. The mechanisms of LOS was ligation of the anterior branch of the nerve in 1 (14.3%) patient and traction in 4(57%) patients. The probable mechanism of LOS was traction or transection in 2 (28.6%) patients in whom LOS occurred during the dissection of the intrathoracic portion of large substernal goiter. Of these 7 patients, LOS recovered intraoperatively after 20 minutes of waiting in 1(14.3%) patient. In the remaining 6 (85.7%) patients, unilateral vocal cord paralysis (VCP) was verified on the postoperative laryngoscopic examination. The overall temporary and permanent unilateral VCP rates were 1.6% (n=6) and 0.8% (n=3), respectively in these 364 patients. No bilateral VCP was recorded. Continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (C-IONM) prevented bilateral VCP in 1 (0.3%) patient.Conclusion: The major advantage of C-IONM is to alert the surgeon for imminent RLN injury. Combined event (CE) is a pathognomonic sign of impending nerve injury that may progress to LOS. This situation enables the surgeon to adverse (reverse) the surgical maneuver before permanent damage to the nerve sets in. Continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (C-IONM) can also immediately spot RLN injury during thyroidectomy. This property of C-IONM gives the surgeon the opportunity for an early corrective action to release the affected nerve promptly. In case of permanent LOS, staged thyroidectomy could be planned to prevent bilateral VCP

Özet

Amaç: Tiroidektomi esnasında rekürren laringeal sinirin (RLN) yaralanma mekanizmalarını ve devamlı intraoperatif sinir monitorizasyonunun (D-İONM) cerrahi strateji üzerine etkisini değerlendirmekGereç ve Yöntemler: Haziran 2014-Ocak 2016 arası total veya hemitiroidektomi yapılan ardışık 364 hastanın verileri prospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Tüm hastalar D-İONM kullanılarak ameliyat edildi. RLN yaralanma mekanizmaları, kombine olaylar (KO) ve sinyal kayıpları (SK) değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Üç yüz altmış dört hastanın 6'sında (%1.6) KO gelişti. Elektromiyografideki (EMG) amplitüd azalması ve latensdeki artış medial manevraya dönülmesinden sonra tüm hastalarda düzeldi. Yedi hastada (%1.9) SK saptandı. SK'nın mekanizması; 1 hastada (%14.3) sinir ön dalının bağlanması, 4 hastada (%57.0) ise gerilmeydi. İntratorasik büyük guatrı olan 2 hastada (%28,6) ise SK'nın muhtemel mekanizması aşırı gerilme veya transeksiyon olarak değerlendirildi. Bu yedi hastanın 1 tanesinde (%14.3) SK ameliyat esnasında 20 dakika bekleme sonrası düzeldi. Kalan 6 hastanın (%85.7) ise ameliyat sonrası yapılan laringoskopik muayenelerinde vokal kord paralizisi (VKP) saptandı. Tüm hasta grubunda tek taraflı geçici ve kalıcı VKP oranı sırasıyla %1.6 (n=6) ve %0.8 olarak saptandı. Hiçbir hastada kalıcı VKP saptanmadı. D-İONM, bir hastada (%0.3) bilateral VKP'yi önledi. Sonuç: D-İONM'nin en büyük avantajı RLN hasarı durumunda cerrahı anında uyarmasıdır. KO gelişebilecek SK'nı gösteren patognomonik bir bulgudur. Bu durumda cerrah ters yöne doğru bir manevra yaparak kalıcı hasar gelişmesini önler. D-İONM ayrıca tiroidektomi esnasında RLN yaralanmasını anında gösterir. Böylece cerrah etkilenen sinir bölgesine yönelik rahatlatıcı bir harekette bulunabilir. Kalıcı SK'da ise bilateral SK'yı önlemek için aşamalı tiroidektomi planlanabilir

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Cite This Article

SORMAZ, İ. C., AZAMAT, İ. F., TUNCA, F., SENYUREK, Y. G. (2017). The Mechanisms of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury During Thyroidectomy and The Impact of Continuous Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring on Surgical Strategy. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 1, 37–42. https://ajindex.com/articles/364128

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