Journals / Anestezi Dergisi / 2013 / Cilt: 21 - Sayı: 1

Propofol enjeksiyon ağrısı: Lokal ısıtma ve lokal soğutmanın etkisinin randomize, kontrollü çalışmayla karşılaştırılması

Propofol injection pain: A randomised, controlled trial comparing the effect of local warming and local cooling of injection site

Pages
37–42
DOI
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Conclusion: Application of local warming prior to propofol administration has decreased the pain induced by propofol effectively whereas local cooling had no impact.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Various drugs and techniques have been proposed in order to prevent propofol induced pain.
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Key Findings & Data:Method: 120 patients of ages beetween 18-65 undergoing elective surgery were included in this prospective, single-blinded study.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: Application of local warming prior to propofol administration has decreased the pain induced by propofol effectively whereas local cooling had no impact.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: Various drugs and techniques have been proposed in order to prevent propofol induced pain. Although warming of propofol and local warming have been reported to be effective in reducing the pain, local cooling has not been studied yet. In this study, we have aimed at studying the effect of local warming and cooling on the pain induced by propofol. Method: 120 patients of ages beetween 18-65 undergoing elective surgery were included in this prospective, single-blinded study. Patients were randomized into 3 equal groups In group I (Control), no intervention was applied, in Group II warming at + 40°C, in Group III cooling at +2- 4°C was applied for 2 minutes prior to propofol administration at the site of venous access . In each patient, propofol was injected over a period of 1 min at a dose of 2,5 mg/kg. Pain scores during propofol injection was recorded using the 5-point Verbal Rating Scale. Results: Demographic data were comparable between groups 21 of 40 patients in the local warming group, 9 in the local cooling group (Group III) and 7 in the control group (Group I) had no pain (p=0,006), (p<0,05). There was a significant difference in the number of patients with severe pain between local warming group and control group. In local warming group none of the patients experienced severe pain whereas in the control group, 6 patients experienced severe pain (p<0,05). The frequency of pain (with a pain score of 1, 2, 3 and 4) at propofol injection was lower in Group II (47.5%) compared to Group III (77.5%) and I (82.5%) (p= 0.006), (p= <0,001). There was no significant difference in pain between Group I and III. Conclusion: Application of local warming prior to propofol administration has decreased the pain induced by propofol effectively whereas local cooling had no impact.

Özet

Amaç: Propofolün enjeksiyon ağrısını önlemek amacıyla çeflitli ilaçlar ve teknikler önerilmifltir. Propofolün ısıtılmasının yada lokal ısıtmanın, ağrıyı azaltmada etkin olduğu bildirilmişolmasına rağmen henüz lokal soğutmanın etkisi çalıflılmamıfltır. Bu çalıflmada propofole bağlı oluflan ağrıda lokal ısıtma ve lokal soğutmanın etkisini arafltırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu prospektif, tek kör çalıflmaya, 18-65 yaşarası, elektif cerrahi geçirecek 120 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar randomize olarak 3 eflit gruba ayrıldı. Grup I (Kontrol)de; hastalara herhangi bir ifllem uygulanmadı. Grup IIde; +40°C`lik ısı, Grup IIIde ise +2-4°C`lik soğuk 2 dakika boyunca ilacın uygulanacağı intraketin takılı olduğu ven trasesine ilaç verilmeden önce uygulandı. Her bir hastaya propofol 2,5 mg/kg dozunda ve 1 dkdan uzun sürede enjekte edildi. Propofol enjeksiyonu esnasındaki ağrı skoru 5 değerli VRS (Verbal Rating Scale) skoru kullanılarak kaydedildi. Bulgular: Demografik veriler gruplar arasında benzerdi. Lokal ısıtma grubunda (Grup II) 40 hastadan 21inde hiç ağrı yakınması olmazken, lokal soğutma grubunda (Grup III) 9, kontrol grubunda ise (Grup I) 7 hastanın ağrı yakınması olmadı (p=0,006), (p<0,05). Ciddi ağrı yakınması olan hasta sayısında da lokal ısıtma grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı farklılık saptandı. Lokal ısıtma grubunda hiçbir hasta ciddi ağrı tariflemezken, kontrol grubunda 6 hastanın ciddi ağrı yakınması oldu (p<0,05). Propofol enjeksiyon ağrısının sıklığı (ağrı skoru 1, 2, 3, 4 olan hastalar); Grup IIde (%47.5), Grup III (%77.5) ve Grup I (%82.5)le karflılafltırıldığında düflük bulundu (p= 0.006), (p= <0,001). Ağrı sıklığı açısından Grup I ve III arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı. Sonuç: Propofol enjeksiyonu öncesi lokal ısıtma uygulaması propofole bağlı ağrıyı etkin bir flekilde azaltırken lokal soğutmanın hiçbir etkisi olmamıfltır.

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Cite This Article

KÖSEOĞLU, S., CEYHAN, A., YARKAN, H. U., YÜCEL, F., DİKMEN, B. (2013). Propofol enjeksiyon ağrısı: Lokal ısıtma ve lokal soğutmanın etkisinin randomize, kontrollü çalışmayla karşılaştırılması. Anestezi Dergisi, Cilt: 21 - Sayı: 1, 37–42. https://ajindex.com/articles/355201

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