Journals / BELGİ DERGİSİ / 2021 / Cilt: 3 - Sayı: 21

SOME FINDINGS REGARDING EPIDEMICS IN ANTAKYA AND ITS VICINITY IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY

XIX. YÜZYIL VE XX. YÜZYIL BAŞLARINDA ANTAKYA VE CİVARINDA GÖRÜLEN SALGIN HASTALIKLARA DAİR BAZI BULGULAR

Pages
419–444
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In addition to studies and articles focusing on Antakya, in order to examine the number of deaths in the region and the measures taken, documents and letters from the following archives were used: the Ottoman Archives of the Turkish Presidency’s Office of Public Records, the Office of the Council of the Grand Vizier (Beylikci), the Grand Vizier’s Department of Substantial Matters, Bab-ı Ali Documentation Room, the Turkish Department of Internal Affairs, the London and Paris Embassies of the Turkish Department of External Affairs, the Turkish Department of Internal Affairs, Yildiz Palace Ministry of Health, and the Grand Vizier’s Office Archives.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Throughout history, epidemics have had a seriously negative impact on communities, especially in terms of health, but also in terms of their psychological, social, cultural, religious, and economic impacts.
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Key Findings & Data:Measures were thereby taken against the plague and cholera outbreaks that occurred in the province of Antakya and its vicinity, and infection and death rates were regularly reported to the center daily.
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Conclusion & Impact:In addition to studies and articles focusing on Antakya, in order to examine the number of deaths in the region and the measures taken, documents and letters from the following archives were used: the Ottoman Archives of the Turkish Presidency’s Office of Public Records, the Office of the Council of the Grand Vizier (Beylikci), the Grand Vizier’s Department of Substantial Matters, Bab-ı Ali Documentation Room, the Turkish Department of Internal Affairs, the London and Paris Embassies of the Turkish Department of External Affairs, the Turkish Department of Internal Affairs, Yildiz Palace Ministry of Health, and the Grand Vizier’s Office Archives.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Throughout history, epidemics have had a seriously negative impact on communities, especially in terms of health, but also in terms of their psychological, social, cultural, religious, and economic impacts. Not only communities but whole countries could be devastated if an epidemic broke out, with their military forces and economies suffering major damages. Thousands of people died in the plague and cholera outbreaks that struck the Ottoman Empire after passing through Asia and Europe, leading the Ottoman State to take preventative measures like those of other nations. For this reason, the places with epidemics were immediately quarantined, and the people and ships coming to the Ottoman Empire were also obliged to inspect. When an outbreak occurred, the Ottoman government immediately sent physicians and healthcare personnel to the affected areas and requested daily reports on the number of infections and deaths in its cities. Measures were thereby taken against the plague and cholera outbreaks that occurred in the province of Antakya and its vicinity, and infection and death rates were regularly reported to the center daily. Furthermore, doctors were assigned to the city due to the epidemic and the doctors tried to prevent the epidemics. Not only Muslims but also non-Muslim doctors took part in these epidemics. Especially, doctors who showed outstanding success in the epidemic were awarded by the state. In addition, decisions from the center were implemented in the city. Four hundred and seven people died of the cholera outbreak that hit Antakya and its vicinity in 1890, and 879 deaths and many more infections were reported in 1891, mainly in Hicaz. This was followed by a plague outbreak in Antakya and its vicinity in 1903. In addition to studies and articles focusing on Antakya, in order to examine the number of deaths in the region and the measures taken, documents and letters from the following archives were used: the Ottoman Archives of the Turkish Presidency’s Office of Public Records, the Office of the Council of the Grand Vizier (Beylikci), the Grand Vizier’s Department of Substantial Matters, Bab-ı Ali Documentation Room, the Turkish Department of Internal Affairs, the London and Paris Embassies of the Turkish Department of External Affairs, the Turkish Department of Internal Affairs, Yildiz Palace Ministry of Health, and the Grand Vizier’s Office Archives.

Özet

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca ortaya çıkan salgınlar toplumları başta sağlık olmak üzere psikolojik, sosyal,kültürel, dini ve ekonomik olarak büyük oranda olumsuz etkilemiştir. Sadece toplumlar değildevletler de salgın hastalıklardan büyük oranda etkilenmiş, askeri ve ekonomik açıdan büyük zarargörmüştür. Asya ve Avrupa’dan sonra da Osmanlı topraklarında görülen veba ve kolera salgınındanbinlerce insan yaşamını yitirmiş ve bu nedenle diğer devletler gibi Osmanlı Devleti’de salgınlar içingerekli tedbirleri alarak salgınları engellemeye çalışmıştır. Bu nedenle salgın görülen yerler hemenkarantina altına alınmış, Osmanlı Devleti’ne gelen insanlar ve gemilere de muayene zorunluluğugetirilmiştir. Salgın görülen yerlere hemen doktor ve sağlık personeli sevk eden Osmanlı, salgıngörülen kentlerden de salgınlardan ölenler ve hasta olanlar hakkında günlük rapor istemiştir.Bu nedenle Antakya ve civarında ortaya çıkan veba ve kolera salgınına karşı diğer şehirlerde olduğugibi önlemler alınmış ve salgınlardan ölen ya da hasta olanlar merkeze bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca salgınnedeni ile kente doktorlar görevlendirilmiş ve doktorlar salgınları engellemeye çalışmıştır. Busalgınlarda sadece Müslim değil gayrimüslim doktorlarda görev yapmıştır. Bununla birlikte salgındaüstün başarı gösteren doktorlara devlet tarafından nişanlar verilmiştir. Antakya ve civarında vebave kolera salgınında alınan önlemler hakkında bilgilere ulaşmak için T.C Cumhurbaşkanlığı DevletArşivleri Başkanlığı’nda bulunan Sadâret Divan (Beylikçi) Kalemi Sadaret Mektubi Mühimme KalemiEvrakı, Babı-ı Ali Evrak Odası, Dâhiliye Nezareti İdare-i Umumiye ve Şifre Evrakı, Hariciye NezâretiLondra Sefareti ile Paris Sefareti Belgeleri, İrade Dâhiliye, Dâhiliye Muhaberât-ı Umumiye İdaresiBelgeleri, Yıldız Perakende Evrakı Sadaret Dâhiliye Nezareti Maruzatı, Yıldız Perakende SıhhiyeNezâreti Maruzâtı ve Evrakı Sadaret Umum Vilayetler Tahrirâtı belgeleri ile kent hakkında tez vemakalelerden istifade edilmiştir.

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Cite This Article

ÇUHA, Ö. (2021). SOME FINDINGS REGARDING EPIDEMICS IN ANTAKYA AND ITS VICINITY IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY. BELGİ DERGİSİ, Cilt: 3 - Sayı: 21, 419–444. https://ajindex.com/articles/353270

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