Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM10 atmospheric particles in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica: Sources, temporal and spatial variations

Objective & Hypothesis:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 particles were measured at 14 monitoring sites (12 for PM10 and 2 for PM2.5), located in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica, from January to November 2013.

📊

Key Findings & Data:The analytical determination was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

💡

Conclusion & Impact:Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

🔬Design:Research Article

📍Scope:2013 Verileri

⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Özet

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 particles were measured at 14 monitoring sites (12 for PM10 and 2 for PM2.5), located in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica, from January to November 2013. High-volume air samplers with pretreated quartz ﬁlters were used to collect the particles. The analytical determination was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The most abundant PAHs were benzo[a]anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenz[a,h] anthracene and acenaphthylene. Ratios obtained by correlating the concentration of some PAHs, both PM10 and PM2.5, suggest that gasoline and diesel vehicles are the main sources in the area being studied. This is consistent with the results obtained when applying the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, since vehicles accounted for 62e74% of total emissions in the area; burning wood fuel was the second source of emissions, contributing between 7 and 15%; and road dust was third, with almost 8%. Copyright © 2017 Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research and Control. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

🔖

Cite This Article

MURİLLO, J. H., Villalobos, M. C., MARİN, J. F. R., GUERRERO, V. H. B., ARİAS, D. S. (2017). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM10 atmospheric particles in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica: Sources, temporal and spatial variations. Atmospheric Pollution Research, Cilt: 8 - Sayı: 2, 320–327. https://ajindex.com/articles/351364

References (1)

Zheng, M., Salmon, L.G., Schauer, J.J., Zeng, L.M., Kiang, C.S., Zhang, Y.H., Cass, G.R., 2005. Seasonal trends in PM2.5 source contributions in Beijing. Atmos. Environ. 39, 3967e3976. Yang, H., Lee, H., Cheri, S., Lais, L.,1998. PHA emission from various industrial stack. J. Haz. Mat. 60, 159e174. Wang, D., Tian, F., Yang, M., Liu, C., Li, Y., 2009. Application of positive matrix factorization to identify potential sources of PAHs in soil of Dalian, China. Environ. Pol. 157, 1559e1564. Villalobos, P., Hernandez, M., Amador, M., Munive, C., Bravo, C., Gomez, A., Frías, V., Waliszewski, S., Ramirez, P., Ortiz, M., 2007. Biodirected mutagenic chemical assay of PM10 extractable organic matter in Southwest Mexico City. Mut. Res. Gen. Toxc. Environ. Mutag 634, 192e204. Simcik, M., Eisenreich, S., Lioy, P., 1999. Source apportionment and source link relationship of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and lake Michigan. Atmos. Environ. 33, 5071e5079. Schauer, J., Kleeman, M., Cass, G., Simoneit, B., 2001. Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 3. C1-C29 organic compounds from ﬁreplace combustion of wood. Environ Sci Tech 35, 1716e1728. Saldarriaga, H., 2008. Separacion y caracterizacion de la materia organica extraída de las partículas iguales o menores a 10mm (PM10). Tesis Doctorado. UNAM, Mexico, pp. 1e28. Rogge, W., Mazuret, M., Hildemann, L., Cass, G., Simoneit, B., 1993. Source of ﬁne organic aerosol 2. Noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobile and heavy duty diesel truck. Environ. Sci. Techn 27, 631e636. Re-Poppi, N., Santiago-Silva, M., 2005. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other selected organic compounds in ambient air of Campo Grande City, Brazil. Atmos. Environ. 39, 2839e2850. Ravindra, K., Sokhi, R., Van-Grieken, R., 2008. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmos. Environ. 42, 2895e2921. Ravindra, K., Bencs, L., Wauters, E., Hoog, J., Deutsch, F., Roekens, E., Bleux, N., Berghmans, P., Grieken, R., 2006. Seasonal and site-speciﬁc variation in vapour and aerosol phase PAHs over Flanders (Belgium) and their relation with anthropogenic activities. Atmos. Environ. 40, 771e785. Poirot, R.L., Wishinski, P.R., Hopke, P.K., Polissar, A.V., 2001. Comparative application of multiple receptor methods to identify aerosol sources in northern Vermont. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (23), 4622e4636. Park, S., Kim, Y., 2004. PM2.5 Particles and size-segregated ionic species measure