AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightIn conclusion, automatic toilet-bowl cleaners were found to be sources of VOCs, but their emission potentials are not high to cause considerable indoor air concentrations over their suggested product lifetime.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Özet
Household cleaning products are sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Bleach containing products area special case because reactions occur between chloride and their organic content such as surfactants, perfumes,etc., generating VOCs. This study aimed to determine concentration of 13 VOCs in bleach-containing automatictoilet cleaners, to estimate their indoor air concentrations and associated exposure and health risk levels.Experiments with products purchased from supermarkets were conducted in 20-mL headspace vials by placing1 g of sample with and without water. Solid-phase micro extraction with a DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber assembly wasused for adsorption of VOCs from the headspace, and analyzed using a GC-MS. The median carbon tetrachlorideand chloroform concentrations of the studied products ranged from 5.03 × 10−3 to 2.37 × 10−2 μg/g and2.53 × 10−2 to 2.37 μg/g, respectively. The modeled 95th percentile indoor air concentrations in a 1.6 m3bathroom with no ventilation were estimated to be 1 and 20 μg/m3 for carbon tetrachloride and chloroform,respectively. The 95th percentile carcinogenic risk associated even with the use of the highest content product,3.72 × 10−7 and 8.62 × 10−7 for carbon tetrachloride and chloroform respectively, were below the acceptablerisk. In conclusion, automatic toilet-bowl cleaners were found to be sources of VOCs, but their emission potentials are not high to cause considerable indoor air concentrations over their suggested product lifetime. Inturn, carcinogenic risks associated with inhalation exposure are below the de Minimis risk level of 10−6