Journals / Üroonkoloji Bülteni / 2018 / Cilt: 17 - Sayı: 1

Effects and Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors (CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors) as New Immunotherapeutic Agents for Bladder Cancer

Mesane Kanserinde Yeni İmmünoterapötik Ajanlardan Kontrol Noktası İnhibitörlerinin (CTLA-4, PD-1 ve PD-L1 İnhibitörleri) Etkileri ve Mekanizmaları

Pages
53–60
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Depending on the results of these ongoing studies, immunotherapy may direct the treatment of bladder cancer in the future

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Since intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) began to be used for bladder cancer, our understanding of the importance of immune mechanisms in bladder cancer has steadily grown.
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Key Findings & Data:Of these new therapeutic agents, this article reviews studies published on PubMed or listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website as of December 2017 regarding the effects and mechanisms of action of checkpoint inhibitors [cytotoxic t-lymphocyte associated protein-4, programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand inhibitors] on bladder cancer.
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Conclusion & Impact:Depending on the results of these ongoing studies, immunotherapy may direct the treatment of bladder cancer in the future
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2017 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Since intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) began to be used for bladder cancer, our understanding of the importance of immune mechanisms in bladder cancer has steadily grown. With developments in immunotherapy in recent years, the use of new immunotherapeutic agents for bladder cancer, especially chemotherapy-resistant invasive and metastatic cancers, has opened the way for research in this area. Of these new therapeutic agents, this article reviews studies published on PubMed or listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website as of December 2017 regarding the effects and mechanisms of action of checkpoint inhibitors [cytotoxic t-lymphocyte associated protein-4, programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand inhibitors] on bladder cancer. Because checkpoint inhibitors were first used for chemotherapy-resistant bladder cancer after identification of positive expression in tumor cells and especially in tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells, significant objective response rates and survival advantages have been reported. Research continues regarding the use of these agents as first- and second-line treatment for metastatic disease in combination with chemotherapy; their efficacy in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and bladder-preserving approaches to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) disease, and their use in non-muscle-invasize bladder cancer (NMIBC), especially BCGrefractory disease. Depending on the results of these ongoing studies, immunotherapy may direct the treatment of bladder cancer in the future

Özet

1İzmir Bozyaka Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Üroloji Kliniği, İzmir, Türkiye2Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Onkoloji Enstitüsü, Temel Onkoloji Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiyeİntravezikal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin'in (BCG) mesane kanseri tedavisinde kullanılmaya başlandığı zamandan beri immün mekanizmaların mesane kanserindeki önemi giderek anlaşılmaya başlamıştır. Son yıllarda immünoterapideki gelişmelerle birlikte yeni immünoterapötik ajanların özellikle kemoterapi dirençli invaziv ve metastatik mesane kanserindeki kullanımı bu alanda araştırmaların yolunu açmıştır. Bu yazı, yeni immünoterapötik ajanlardan kontrol noktası inhibitörlerinin [checkpoint inhibitörleri ya da sitotoksik T-lenfosit ilişkili protein-4 (CTLA-4), programlanmış hücre ölümü-1 reseptörü (PD-1) ve programlanmış hücre ölümü ligandı (PD-L1) inhibitörleri] mesane kanseri üzerine etkileri ve etki mekanizmaları, Aralık 2017'ye kadar PubMed'de yayınlanmış ya da clinicaltrials.gov adresinde belirtilmiş olan çalışmalardan taranarak derlenmiştir. Kemoterapi dirençli mesane kanserinde, CTLA-4, PD-1 ve PD-L1'in özellikle tümörü infiltre eden mononükleer hücre ve tümör hücresindeki pozitif ekspresyonlarının saptanmasından sonra kontrol noktası inhibitörlerinin tedavide kullanılmaya başlanmasını takiben hastalıkta anlamlı objektif yanıt oranları ve sağkalım avantajları raporlanmıştır. Bu ajanların metastatik hastalıkta birinci ve ikinci basamakta kemoterapi ile kombinasyonu, kasa-invaziv mesane kanseri hastalıkta neoadjuvan, adjuvan ve mesane koruyucu etkinliği ve kasainvaziv olmayan mesane kanserinde özellikle BCG refrakterlerde kullanımı araştırılmaya devam etmektedir. Mesane kanserinde devam eden çalışmaların sonuçları ile birlikte immünoterapinin gelecekte mesane kanseri tedavisine yön vereceği söylenebilir

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Cite This Article

ÇELİK, S., ALTUN, Z. S., AKTAŞ, S. (2018). Effects and Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors (CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors) as New Immunotherapeutic Agents for Bladder Cancer. Üroonkoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 17 - Sayı: 1, 53–60. https://ajindex.com/articles/334875

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