Journals / Türk Yoğun Bakım Dergisi / 2020 / Cilt: 18 - Sayı: 1

COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients Using Tocilizumab In Intensive Care Unit: Case Series

Yoğun Bakımda COVİD-19 Pnömonili Hastalarda Tosilizumab Kullanımı: Olgu Serisi

Pages
61–66
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Candida albicans/parapsylosis were detected both in peripheral blood and deep tracheal aspirate culture in one of the 4 cases diagnosed with fungal infection; one case in deep tracheal aspirate and in other case it were detected in urine culture.It is difficult to make a recommendation about COVID-19 infection yet, treatment algorithms are updated according to the results of the studies, and there are many ongoing studies.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Coronavirus diesase (COVID-19) infection is a fatal infection, caused by the acute respiratory failure syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, which has spread worldwide all around the world.
📊
Key Findings & Data:There are researches showing benefits of anti-cytokine treatments when macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) developed during COVID-19 infection.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Candida albicans/parapsylosis were detected both in peripheral blood and deep tracheal aspirate culture in one of the 4 cases diagnosed with fungal infection; one case in deep tracheal aspirate and in other case it were detected in urine culture.It is difficult to make a recommendation about COVID-19 infection yet, treatment algorithms are updated according to the results of the studies, and there are many ongoing studies.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Coronavirus diesase (COVID-19) infection is a fatal infection, caused by the acute respiratory failure syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, which has spread worldwide all around the world. There are researches showing benefits of anti-cytokine treatments when macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) developed during COVID-19 infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, tocilizumab treatment was applied to 10 patients, due to the development of MAS syndrome in their follow-up after a diagnosis of high probable or definitive COVID-19 infection in our hospital. When these cases were admitted, the SOFA score (mean ± standard deviation value) was 7.4±3.47, and the acute physiological and chronic health evaluation 2 score was 28±10.17. All patients had symptoms specific to COVID-19 pneumonia on lung tomography, and polymerase chain reaction positivity was accompanied in 8 cases. The cultures of 9 cases were pozitif in a way that supports the literature, and 1 case discharged from the intensive care unit having no culture positivity. COVID-19 infection was mortal in 7 cases, 2 cases were discharged and 1 patient continued to be treated in intensive care unit. In two of our discharged cases, after tosilizumab was given, a rapid improvement was observed when clinical and laboratory data were examined. Candida albicans/parapsylosis were detected both in peripheral blood and deep tracheal aspirate culture in one of the 4 cases diagnosed with fungal infection; one case in deep tracheal aspirate and in other case it were detected in urine culture.It is difficult to make a recommendation about COVID-19 infection yet, treatment algorithms are updated according to the results of the studies, and there are many ongoing studies. Due to the lack of sufficient data on long-term results and side effects in COVID-19 patients, we think that attention should be paid especially in terms of secondary infection development after tocilizumab use.

Özet

Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) enfeksiyonu Aralık 2019 tarihinden itibaren tüm dünyada yayılarak pandemiye neden olan akut solunum yetersizliği sendromu-korona virüs-2 virüsü kaynaklı ve bazı olgularda septik tabloya bağlı ölümcül seyreden bir enfeksiyondur. Enfeksiyonun seyri sırasında, gelişen makrofaj aktivasyonu sendromu (MAS) tablosunun tedavisinde anti-sitokin tedavilerden yararlanabileceğini gösteren yayınlar bulunmaktadır. Hastanemizde COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde 26 Mart-1 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında yatan 10 hastaya yüksek olası veya kesin COVID-19 enfeksiyonu tanısı konulduktan sonra izleminde MAS sendromu gelişimi nedeniyle tosilizumab tedavisi uygulandı. Olguların yoğun bakıma kabul edildiğinde SOFA skoru (ortalama ± standart sapma değeri) 7,4±3,47, akut fizyolojik ve kronik sağlık değerlendirmesi 2 skoru ise 28±10,17’ idi. Hastaların tümünde akciğer tomografisinde COVID-19 pnömonisine özgü bulgular bulunmaktaydı ve 8 olguda polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu pozitifliği eşlik etmekteydi. Literatürde tosilizumabın 8 mg/kg dozunda kullanıldığında romatoid artritli hastalarda fungal enfeksiyon gelişimi ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. On olgumuzdan 9’unun kültürlerinde literatürü destekler bir şekilde üreme saptanmış, yoğun bakımdan taburcu edilen 1 olgumuzda herhangi bir üreme olmamıştır. Yedi olguda COVID-19 enfeksiyonu mortal seyretmiş, 2 olgu taburcu edilmiş ve 1 olgunun ise tedavisine yoğun bakımda devam edilmiştir. Taburcu olan iki olgumuzda tosilizumab verildikten sonra klinik ve laboratuar verilerine bakıldığında hızlı bir iyileşme kaydedilmiştir. Fungal enfeksiyon tanısı alan 4 olgunun birinde hem periferik kan kültürü hem de derin trakeal aspirat kültüründe; bir olguda derin trakeal aspirat kültüründe ve bir olguda ise idrar kültüründe Candida albicans/parapsylosis üremesi tespit edilmiştir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ile ilgili kesin bir yargıya varmak güçtür, tedavi algoritmaları yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarına göre güncellenmektedir ve halen devam eden birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. COVID-19 hastalarında uzun dönem sonuçları ve yan etkileri ile ilgili yeterli veri olmaması nedeniyle özellikle tosilizumab kullanımı sonrasında sekonder enfeksiyon gelişimi açısından dikkatli olunması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.

🔖

Cite This Article

YILMAZ, B., SEZER, B. E., GÜNKAYA, M., ONAR, L. Ç., SİVRİ, F. (2020). COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients Using Tocilizumab In Intensive Care Unit: Case Series. Türk Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, Cilt: 18 - Sayı: 1, 61–66. https://ajindex.com/articles/327676

References (5)

  1. S. Antinori, C. Bonazzetti, G. Gubertini, et al., Tocilizumab for cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 pneumonia: an increased risk for candidemia?, Autoimmunity Reviews (2020),https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102564 2. Türkiye Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 1 Haziran 2020. 3. C. Zhang, Z. Wu, J.-W. Li, H. Zhao, G.-Q. Wang The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality Int J Antimicrob Agents (2020), 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954 4. P. Mehta, McAuley DF, M. Brown, et al. COVID-19. consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Lancet (2020), 10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30628-0 [March 13] 5. J. Morel, A. Constatin, G. Baron, et al. Risk factors of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab in the French Registry Regate Rheumatology 2017
  2. 1746 1754 doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex238 Advance Access publication 14 July 2017ç 6. F. H.J. Vand Enckevort, M.G. Netea, A.R.M. Hermus, et al. Increased susceptibility to systemic candidiasis in interleukin-6 deficient mice. Med Mycol 1999
  3. L. Campbell, C. Chen, S.S. Bhagat, R.A. Parker, A.J.K. Ostor Risk of adverse events including serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Rheumatology, 50 (2011), pp. 552-62. 8. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al.Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-COV 2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med.2020 Feb 24. Pii:S2213- 2600(20)30079-5. 9. Fu B, Xu X, Wei H. Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19?. Journal of Translational Med 2020
  4. Luo P, Liu Y, Qiu L, et al.(2020). Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: a single center experience. Journal of Med Vir. DOI:10.1002/jmv.25801. 11. Toniatia P, Pivab S, Cattalinid M. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in Brescia, Italy. Autoimmunity Reviews 19 (2020) 102568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. autrev.2020.102568 12. Singh JA, Beg S, Lopez-Olivo MA. Tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010
  5. :CD008331.) 13. M.H. Schiff, J.M. Kremer, A. Jahreis, et al. Integrated safety in tocilizumab