Journals / Uluslararası Hematoloji-Onkoloji Dergisi / 2015 / Cilt: 25 - Sayı: 4

Metastatik Pankreatik Adenokanserinde Güncel Tedavi Seçenekleri

Current Treatment Options for Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Pages
263–274
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Fifty to sixty percent of patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed in metastatic stage and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate is less than 5% for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and have extremely poor prognosis.
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Key Findings & Data:Although, declining trends for some major cancers, death rates are rising in both sexes for pancreatic cancer.
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Conclusion & Impact:Fifty to sixty percent of patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed in metastatic stage and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate is less than 5% for metastatic pancreatic cancer.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and have extremely poor prognosis. Although, declining trends for some major cancers, death rates are rising in both sexes for pancreatic cancer. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment of pancreatic cancer, but only 10 to 20 percent of patients are candidates for curative surgery. Fifty to sixty percent of patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed in metastatic stage and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate is less than 5% for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine was the first chemotherapeutic agent that superior to 5-Fluorouracil. In most of the phase II trials combination gemcitabine with cytotoxic chemotherapy or targeted therapy showed promising results, but phase III trials with gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin, oxaliplatin, capacitabine, pemetrexed, irinotecan, bevacizumab, aflibercept, axitinib and cetuximab failed to improve primary endpoint OS. Monotherapy with S-1 demonstrated noninferiority to gemcitabine in OS and S-1 approved for pancreatic cancer in Japan. In a randomized phase II/III ACCORD trial median progression free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), median OS and quality of life were significantly prolonged in FOLFIRINOX arm compared to gemcitabine alone arm. In phase III (MPACT) trial, like FOLFIRINOX regimen, median PFS, RR and OS significantly prolonged with the combination nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine compared to gemcitabine arm alone. As a targeted agent erlotinib is the first and only agent that demostrate signifiacnt activity with gemcitabine combination in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine plus erlotinib combination significantly prolonged PFS and OS compared to gemcitabine alone arm. Although some combination regimens showed significant OS benefit compared to single-agent gemcitabine, the median OS was less than 1 year. On these grounds, future directions are needed to integrate new targeted agents and combination protocols for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Özet

Pankreas kanseri, kansere bağlı ölümlerin en sık 4. sebebi olup, son derece kötü prognoza sahiptir. Çoğu önemli kanserinde son yıllarda mortalitede belirgin azalma olmasına rağmen, pankreas kanseri mortalitesinde her 2 cinsiyette de artış devam etmektedir. Cerrahi rezeksiyon tek küratif tedavi yaklaşımı olmasına rağmen, sadece hastaların %10 ile %20'si küratif cerrahiye adaydırlar. Pankreas kanseri tanısı konulan hastaların %50-60'ı metastatik evrede tanı almaktadır ve 5 yıllık genel sağkalım (GS) %5'in altındadır. Gemsitabin 5-Fluorourasil'e kıyasla GS ve progresyonsuz sağkalım (PFS) avantajı sağlayan ilk ajandır. Birçok faz II çalışmada gemsitabin ile diğer sitotoksik veya hedefe yönelik tedavi kombinasyonları ümit verse de faz III çalışmalarda gemsitabin ile sisplatin, oxaliplatin, kapasitabin, pemetrexed, irinotekan, bevasizumab, aflibercept, axitinib ve cetuximab kombinasyonları gemsitabin monoterapisine kıyasla GS faydası sağlamamıştır. Yapılan faz III çalışmada S-1 monoterapisinin gemsitabin monoterapisine GS açısından non-inferior olduğu saptanmış olup, S1 monoterapisi Japonya'da metastatik pankreas kanseri tedavisinde onay almıştır. Randomize faz II/III ACCORD çalışmasında ortanca PFS, yanıt oranı, GS ve yaşam kalitesi FOLFİRİNOX kombinasyon tedavisinde gemsitabin monoterapisine kıyasla anlamlı olarak artmıştır. Aynı şekilde faz III MPACT çalışmasında da FOLFİRİNOX çalışmasındakine benzer şekilde, gemsitabine-nabpaklitaxel kombinasyonu ile ortanca PFS, yanıt oranı, GS ve yaşam kalitesi tedavisinde gemsitabin monoterapisine kıyasla anlamlı olarak artmıştır. Metastatik pankreas kanserinde erlotinib gemsitabin ile kombinasyon tedavisinde gemsitabine kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı GS ve PFS avantajı gösteren ilk ve tek hedefe yönelik ajandır. Kombinasyon tedavilerinin son zamanlarda anlamlı GS avantajı göstermesine rağmen ortanca GS halen 1 yılın altındadır. Bu nedenle yeni hedefe yönelik ajanlara ve kombinasyon tedavilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

SENDUR, M. A., YAZICI, O., OZDEMIR, N. Y., AKSOY, S. (2015). Metastatik Pankreatik Adenokanserinde Güncel Tedavi Seçenekleri. Uluslararası Hematoloji-Onkoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 25 - Sayı: 4, 263–274. https://ajindex.com/articles/322861

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