Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2011 / Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 3

Phenotypic and genotypic identification of Candida strains isolated as nosocomial pathogens

Hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni olarak izole edilen Candida suşlarının genotipik ve fenotipik olarak tanımlanması

Pages
478–488
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Since these phenotypic methods were simple and cost effective when compared to molecular techniques, they should be considered in the identification of Candida species.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Over the last decade, there have been important changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections and antifungal agents used to treat these infections.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 77 Candida strains that were isolated from various clinical specimens of 60 hospitalized patients (29 male, 24 female; 7 were children) were included in the study.
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Conclusion & Impact:Since these phenotypic methods were simple and cost effective when compared to molecular techniques, they should be considered in the identification of Candida species.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Over the last decade, there have been important changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections and antifungal agents used to treat these infections. In recent years, Candida species have emerged as important causes of invasive infections among patients in intensive care units. One of the main goals of this study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of infectious Candida species isolated in our hospital and accordingly supply data for hospital infection (HI) control. The other aim of this study was to evaluate effectiveness and practical applicability of traditional and molecular methods used to identify Candida isolates to the species level. A total of 77 Candida strains that were isolated from various clinical specimens of 60 hospitalized patients (29 male, 24 female; 7 were children) were included in the study. Fifty-seven (74%) of those isolates were defined as HI agents according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. The most common Candida species identified as agents of HI were C.albicans (22; 38.6%), followed by C.tropicalis (14; 24.6%), C.parapsilosis (13; 22.8%), C.glabrata (7; 12.3%) and Candida spp. (1; 1.75%). It was determined that bloodstream (26; 45.6%) and urinary tract infections (24; 42.1%) were the most frequently encountered nosocomial infections caused by Candida species. In addition it was detected that the most frequent causative agent of bloodstream infections was C.parapsilosis (10; 38.5%) and of urinary tract infections was C.albicans (12; 50%). The evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of traditional phenotypic methods [germ tube formation, chlamydospore formation in corn meal agar, growth at 45°C, colony characteristics on CHROMagar Candida medium, carbohydrate assimilation properties detected by API ID 32C (BioMerieux, France) system] and some molecular techniques [polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using ITS-1, ITS-3 and ITS-4 primers, PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), PCRRFLP in which ITS1-ITS4 products cut by Msp I ve Bln I restriction enzymes] for the identification of Candida species revealed that CHROMagar Candida medium combined with API ID 32C kit yielded the same results (100% compatible) as molecular techniques for the species identification of Candida isolates. Since these phenotypic methods were simple and cost effective when compared to molecular techniques, they should be considered in the identification of Candida species.

Özet

Son 10 yılda Candida enfeksiyonlarının epidemiyolojisi ve tedavide kullanılan antifungallerle ilgili önemli değişiklikler ortaya çıkmıştır. Candida türleri günümüzde özellikle yoğun bakım ünitelerinde enfeksiyon etkeni olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amaçlarından biri enfeksiyon etkeni Candida türlerinin hastanemizdeki dağılımını belirleyerek hastane enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesine katkıda bulunmak, diğeri ise Candida izolatlarının tür düzeyinde tanımlanmasında kullanılan geleneksel ve moleküler yöntemlerin etkinliklerini ve pratik uygulanabilirliklerini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmaya, hastanede yatarak tedavi gören 60 (29 erkek, 24 kadın; 7’si çocuk) hastanın çeşitli klinik örneklerinden izole edilen 77 Candida suşu dahil edilmiştir. “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)” kriterlerine göre bu izolatların 57 (%74)’si hastane enfeksiyonu (HE) etkeni olarak kabul edilmiştir. HE etkeni olarak en sık saptanan türler, C.albicans (22; %38.6), C.tropicalis (14; %24.6), C.parapsilosis (13; %22.8), C.glabrata (7; %12.3) ve Candida spp. (1; %1.75) olmuştur. Çalışmamızda Candida türlerinin en sık kan dolaşımı (26; %45.6) ve üriner sistem (24; %42.1) enfeksiyonlarından sorumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kan dolaşımı enfeksiyonuna en sık yol açan tür C.parapsilosis (10; %38.5), üriner sistem enfeksiyonuna en sık neden olan tür ise C.albicans (12; %50) olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ayrıca, Candida türlerinin tanımlanmasında yaygın olarak kullanılan geleneksel fenotipik yöntemlerin [germ tüp oluşumu, mısır unu agarda klamidospor oluşturma, 45°C’de üreme, CHROMagar Candida (CAC) besiyerindeki koloni özellikleri, API ID 32C (BioMerieux, Fransa) sistemi ile karbonhidrat asimilasyon özellikleri] ve bazı moleküler tekniklerin [ITS-1, ITS-3 ve ITS-4 primerleri uygulanan polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR), PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), ITS1-ITS4 ürünlerinin Msp I ve Bln I restriksiyon enzimleri ile kesildiği PCR-RFLP] avantaj ve dezavantajları değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Candida izolatlarının tür düzeyinde tanımlanmasında CHROMagar Candida besiyeri ve API ID 32C kiti birlikte kullanıldığında moleküler yöntemlerle elde edilen (%100 uyumlu) benzer sonuçlar alınabildiği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bu yöntemlerin moleküler yöntemlere göre çok daha düşük maliyetli ve kolay uygulanabilir olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

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Cite This Article

ŞAHİNER, F., ERGÜNAY, K., ÖZYURT, M., ARDIÇ, N., HOŞBUL, T., HAZNEDAROĞLU, T. (2011). Phenotypic and genotypic identification of Candida strains isolated as nosocomial pathogens. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 3, 478–488. https://ajindex.com/articles/299329

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