Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2011 / Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 2

Experimental oral candidiasis in healthy and immunocompromised BALB/c Mice

Sağlıklı ve immün sistemi baskılanmış BALB/c farelerde deneysel oral kandidiyaz

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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

To enlighten the relation between host immune status and oral candidiasis caused by C. albicans, further larger-scale studies also concerning the various virulence factors of the infectious agent, should be conducted by the use of experimental animal models which may successfully guide us in this regard.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Oral candidiasis which is the most common type of Candida infections affecting humans, is most frequently caused by C.albicans.
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Key Findings & Data:The colonization rate of Candida in the oral cavity of healthy individuals, is between 25-30%, however, this rate is reported to be increased in immunosuppressive subjects.
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Conclusion & Impact:To enlighten the relation between host immune status and oral candidiasis caused by C. albicans, further larger-scale studies also concerning the various virulence factors of the infectious agent, should be conducted by the use of experimental animal models which may successfully guide us in this regard.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Oral candidiasis which is the most common type of Candida infections affecting humans, is most frequently caused by C.albicans. Immune response of the host, as well as a variety of virulence factors of the causative agent, play important roles in the development of Candida infections. The colonization rate of Candida in the oral cavity of healthy individuals, is between 25-30%, however, this rate is reported to be increased in immunosuppressive subjects. In our study, we established an oral candidiasis model with C.albicans in healthy and experimentally immunocompromised mice and aimed to compare Candida colonization rates and histopathological changes occurred in the tongue and esophagus tissues of the animal groups. A total of 21 BALB/c mice were grouped as control (Group 1; n= 7), healthy (Group 2; n= 7) and immunocompromised (Group 3; n= 7) groups. Immunosuppression in mice was performed by subcutaneous injection of prednisolone. For experimental oral candidiasis, cotton swab impregnated with C.albicans strains which did not have acid proteinase and phospholipase enzyme activity, no biofilm production, and sensitive to fluconazole and amphotericin B, were used. In the control group, physiological saline solution was used instead of C.albicans strain. In the forth day of experimental oral candidiasis model swab samples taken from the dorsal tongue surface of mice were evaluated by quantitative cultivation method. No yeast colonies were detected in Group 1 while more significant number of yeast colonies were observed in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p= 0.002). Tongue and esophagus tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid schiff staining and evaluated in terms of inflammatory response, abscess formation, vascular congestion, vasodilation and for the presence of yeast and hyphae. When the inflammation in esophagus was considered, statistically significant difference was determined between group 1 and group 3 (p= 0.023), however, no difference was detected between group 2 and 3 (p= 0.107). The level of inflammation in tongue tissue exhibited no difference between groups 2 and 3 (p= 0.317) while the difference was significant when these groups were compared to the control group (p= 0.00, p= 0.002, respectively). Similarly, the level of congestion in tongue tissue exhibited no difference between groups 2 and 3, however, the difference was significant when compared to the control group. To enlighten the relation between host immune status and oral candidiasis caused by C. albicans, further larger-scale studies also concerning the various virulence factors of the infectious agent, should be conducted by the use of experimental animal models which may successfully guide us in this regard.

Özet

Oral kandidiyaz insanlarda en sık görülen Candida enfeksiyonu olup, etken olarak sıklıkla C.albicans sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Candida enfeksiyonlarının gelişiminde etkene ait çeşitli virülans faktörlerinin yanı sıra konağın immün yanıtı da önemli rol oynamaktadır. Sağlıklı bireylerde oral kavitede Candida kolonizasyon oranı %25-30 iken, immünsüpresif kişilerde bu oran daha yüksektir. Çalışmamızda sağlıklı ve deneysel olarak immün sistemi baskılanmış farelerde, C.albicans ile oral kandidiyaz modeli oluşturularak, gruplar arasında Candida kolonizasyon oranlarının ve dil ve özefagus dokularında gelişen histopatolojik değişikliklerin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya alınan 21 adet BALB/c türü fare; kontrol grubu (Grup 1; n= 7), sağlıklı grup (Grup 2; n= 7) ve immün sistemi baskılanmış grup (Grup 3; n= 7) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Grup 3’teki farelerde immünsüpresyon, subkütan prednizolon enjeksiyonu ile sağlanmıştır. Grup 2 ve 3’te deneysel oral kandidiyaz oluşturulması için, asit proteinaz ve fosfolipaz enzim aktivitesi negatif, biyofilm üretmeyen, flukonazol ve amfoterisin B’ye duyarlı C.albicans suşunun emdirildiği eküvyonlar; Grup 1’de ise C.albicans yerine serum fizyolojik emdirilmiş eküvyonlar kullanılmıştır. Oral kandidiyaz modelinin dördüncü gününde farelerin dorsal dil yüzeyinden alınan sürüntü örneklerinin kantitatif ekimi sonucunda Grup 1’de üreme görülmezken, Grup 3’te saptanan koloni sayısı Grup 2’ye göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (p= 0.002). Farelerden alınan dil ve özefagus dokuları hematoksilen-eozin ve PAS (periodic acid schiff) ile boyanarak enflamatuvar yanıt, apse oluşumu, vasküler konjesyon, vazodilatasyon, maya ve hif varlığı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Özefagus dokusundaki enflamasyon dikkate alındığında; Grup 3 ile Grup 1 arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanırken (p= 0.023), Grup 3 ile Grup 2 arasında fark gözlenmemiştir (p= 0.107). Dil dokusunda oluşan enflamasyon ise Grup 2 ve Grup 3 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmazken (p= 0.317), bu iki grubun kontrol grubuna göre farkı anlamlı (sırasıyla; p= 0.00 ve p= 0.002) bulunmuştur. Benzer olarak dil ve özefagus dokularındaki konjesyon da Grup 2 ve 3’te kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiş; ancak Grup 2 ve Grup 3 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, C.albicans’ın neden olduğu oral kandidiyaz tablosunda, konağın immün durumunun yanı sıra etkene ait virülans faktörlerinin etkisinin de ele alındığı kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği ve deneysel hayvan modellerinin bu konuda yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmüştür.

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Cite This Article

KARAMAN, M., MİRAY, M., BAYRAKAL, V., BAĞRIYANIK, H. A., YILMAZ, O., BAHAR, H. (2011). Experimental oral candidiasis in healthy and immunocompromised BALB/c Mice. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 2, 0–0. https://ajindex.com/articles/299324

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