Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2013 / Cilt: 47 - Sayı: 2

Determination of the cytokine gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility in tuberculosis patients

Tüberküloz hastalarında sitokin gen polimorfizmi ve genetik yatkınlığın belirlenmesi

Pages
250–264
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, no statistically significant differences were found associated with the susceptibility or resistance to TB with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene regions responsible for cytokine production in the study population.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Tuberculosis (TB) is a complicated disease in which biological, socioeconomical and environmental factors play role.
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Key Findings & Data:Since only 10% of the individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop active disease, it has been suggested that host genetic factors may influence the risk for the development of TB.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, no statistically significant differences were found associated with the susceptibility or resistance to TB with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene regions responsible for cytokine production in the study population.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a complicated disease in which biological, socioeconomical and environmental factors play role. Since only 10% of the individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis develop active disease, it has been suggested that host genetic factors may influence the risk for the development of TB. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence and role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene regions responsible for cytokine production, since these factors are considered to be associated with susceptibility or resistance to disease development. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were investigated by Amplification Refractory Mutational System (ARMS) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methods. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene promoter -308 G>A (rs1800629) region, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) gene +874 T>A (rs61923114) region, interleukin (IL)-12B p40 gene 1188 A>C (rs3212227) region, IL-10 gene promoter -1082 G>A (rs1800896) region and IL-4 gene promoter -590 C>T (rs2243250) region. A total of 84 patients (71 male, 13 female; mean age: 32.57 ± 15.94 years) whose clinical samples yielded M.tuberculosis complex growth, and 110 healthy blood donors (93 male, 17 female; mean age: 29.40 ± 11.56 years) as control group were included in this study. Of the patients, 76 (90.5%) were diagnosed as pulmonary and 8 (9.5%) as extrapulmonary TB. While 79 (94.1%) patients were newly diagnosed as TB, 5 (5.9%) patients had a TB history (relapsed TB). It was detected that acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were positive in 58 (69%) patients. According to the single nucleotide polymorphism results, gene frequencies could not be compared for TNF-α gene promoter -308 G>A region since healthy controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium while the patients were not. There were no statistically significant differences in allele and genotype distribution between the patients and healthy controls in IFN-γ gene +874 T>A region, IL-12B p40 gene 1188 A>C region, IL- 10 gene promoter -1082 G>A region and IL-4 gene promoter -590 C>T region (p> 0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences between AFB positive (n= 58) and negative (n= 26) patients, and AFB positive (n= 56) and negative (n= 20) pulmonary TB patients (p> 0.05). In conclusion, no statistically significant differences were found associated with the susceptibility or resistance to TB with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene regions responsible for cytokine production in the study population. Only some of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene regions responsible for cytokine release were investigated in our study. Therefore further detailed studies to investigate the polymorphisms in the genes that control the cytokine release and receptors specific for these cytokines, should be conducted. Although this study was performed in a relatively small sized population, these findings might provide a significant contribution to the epidemiologic data about the molecular immunology of TB in Turkey.

Özet

Tüberküloz biyolojik, sosyoekonomik ve çevresel faktörlerin birlikte rol oynadığı karmaşık bir hastalıktır. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ile enfekte kişilerin sadece %10’unda aktif hastalık gelişmesi nedeniyle, konak genetiğinin tüberküloz için risk faktörlerini etkileyebileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, hastalığa karşı duyarlılık veya direnç ile ilişkili olduğu belirtilen, sitokin üretiminden sorumlu gen bölgelerindeki tek nükleotid polimorfizm varlığının “Amplification Refractory Mutational System” (ARMS) polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ve PCR-“Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)” yöntemleriyle araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tek nükleotid polimorfizm varlığı tümör nekrozis faktör alfa (TNF-α) geni promotor -308 G>A (rs1800629) bölgesinde, interferon gama (IFN-γ) geni +874 T>A (rs61923114) bölgesinde, interlökin (IL)-12B p40 geni 1188 A>C (rs3212227) bölgesinde, IL-10 geni promotor -1082 G>A (rs1800896) bölgesinde ve IL-4 geni promotor -590 C>T (rs2243250) bölgesinde araştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya, klinik örneklerinin kültüründe M.tuberculosis kompleksi izole edilen 84 tüberküloz hastası (71 erkek, 13 kadın; ortalama yaş: 32.57 ± 15.94 yıl) ile kontrol grubu olarak 110 sağlıklı kan donörü (93 erkek, 17 kadın; ortalama yaş: 29.40 ± 11.56 yıl) dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların 76 (%90.5)’sı akciğer, 8 (%9.5)’i akciğer dışı tüberküloz olarak tanı almıştır. Hastaların 79 (%94.1)’u yeni tanı konmuş, 5 (%5.9)’i ise daha önceden geçirilmiş tüberküloz öyküsü (nüks tüberküloz) olan olgulardır. Hastaların 58 (%69)’inde ise aside dirençli basil (ARB) pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Tek nükleotid polimorfizmi sonuçlarına göre TNF- α geni promotor -308 G>A bölgesi polimorfizmi için sağlıklı kontrol grubu Hardy-Weinberg dağılımı bakımından dengedeyken, hasta grubu dengede olmadığından bu iki grubun gen frekansları bakımından karşılaştırılması yapılamamıştır. IFN-γ geni +874 T>A bölgesi, IL-12B p40 geni 1188 A>C bölgesi, IL-10 geni promotor -1082 G>A bölgesi ve IL-4 geni promotor -590 C>T bölgesi polimorfizmleri sonucu allel ve genotip dağılımlarında hasta ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p> 0.05). ARB pozitif (n= 58) ve negatif (n= 26) hastalar ve akciğer tüberkülozlu ARB pozitif (n= 56) ve negatif (n= 20) olan hastalar arasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p> 0.05). Sonuç olarak, çalışılan popülasyonda sitokin salınımından sorumlu gen bölgelerindeki tek nükleotid polimorfizm varlığı ile tüberküloza direnç ya da duyarlılıkla ilgili istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada, sadece sitokin salınımından sorumlu bazı gen bölgelerindeki tek nükleotid polimorfizmleri araştırılmıştır. Bu sebeple gerek sitokin salınımını kontrol eden genlerdeki gerekse bu sitokinlerin bağlandıkları reseptörlerdeki polimorfizmlerin daha ayrıntılı olarak araştırılması gerekmektedir. Çalışma nispeten küçük bir popülasyonda gerçekleştirilmiş olup, elde ettiğimiz bulguların, ülkemizde tüberküloz immünolojisinin moleküler epidemiyolojisine önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür.

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Cite This Article

ÜLGER, M., EMEKDAŞ, G., ASLAN, G., TAŞ, D., İLVAN, A., ÜLGER, S. T., ÇALIKOĞLU, M., ERDAL, M. E., KARTALOĞLU, Z. (2013). Determination of the cytokine gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility in tuberculosis patients. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 47 - Sayı: 2, 250–264. https://ajindex.com/articles/299317

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