AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightOur results demonstrated that there was no fecal VRE carriage in our hospital during the study period, however, it was concluded that the screening tests should be done periodically in order to detect resistant strains as soon as possible.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
The aims of this study were to detect the prevalence of fecal vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization with high-level resistance to aminoglycoside and other antibiotics and, the risk factors related to resistance in hospitalized patients in Düzce Medical Faculty Hospital, Turkey. A total of 105 patients (61 from internal medicine, 44 from surgery clinics; 54.3% female, mean age: 47.2±24.54 years) were included to the study and a single stool sample was collected from each of the patients. Specimens were cultivated in Enterococcus selective media (BioMerieux, France), and the isolates were identified by conventional microbiological methods together with the API 20 Strep test. Beta-lactamase activities of the isolates were tested with nitrocefin disk, and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by the disk diffusion method. Enterococcus spp. were isolated from 81 (77%) of the patients' samples and 60.5% were identified as E.faecium, 13.6% as E.faecalis, 11.1% as E.gallinarum, 7.4% as E.durans, 2.5% as E.raffinosus, 2.5% as E.mundtii, 1.2% as E.casseliflavus, and 1.2% as E.avium. High-level streptomycin and gentamicin resistance rates were found in 19.8% and 9.9% of the isolates, respectively. The resistance rates for the other antibiotics were found as follows; 18.5% to ampicillin, 27.2% to penicilin, 34.6% to nitrofurantoin, 65.4% to norfloxacin, and 70.4% to both tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. No vancomycin resistance was detected, and none of the enterococci had beta-lactamase activity. Long hospitalization period, antibiotic usage and experience of intra-abdominal operation were found as the significant risk factors for colonization of the resistant bacteria. Our results demonstrated that there was no fecal VRE carriage in our hospital during the study period, however, it was concluded that the screening tests should be done periodically in order to detect resistant strains as soon as possible.
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Düzce Tıp Fakültesi hastanesinde yatan hastalarda fekal vankomisin dirençli enterokok (VRE) kolonizasyonu, yüksek düzey aminoglikozid ve diğer antibiyotiklere direnç durumları ile antibiyotik direncine neden olabilecek risk faktörlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Dahili (n: 61) ve cerrahi (n: 44) kliniklerinde yatan toplam 105 hastadan (%54.3'ü kadın; yaş ortalaması: 47.2±24.54 yıl) alınan birer adet dışkı örneği enterokok seçici besiyerlerine (BioMerieux, Fransa) ekilmiş ve tanımlama klasik mikrobiyolojik yöntemler ve APİ 20 Strep test kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İzolatların beta-laktamaz aktiviteleri nitrosefin diskleri ile araştırılmış, antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testleri ise disk difüzyon yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Hastaların 81'inin (%77) dışkı örneğinden Enterococcus spp. izole edilmiş ve izole edilen türler E.faecium (%60.5), E.faecalis (%13.6), E.gallinarum (%11.1), E.durans (%7.4), E.raffinosus (%2.5), E.mundtii (%2.5), E.casseliflavus (%1.2) ve E.avium (%1.2) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tüm izolatlar arasında yüksek düzey streptomisin direnci %19.8, yüksek düzey gentamisin direnci ise %9.9, olarak saptanmıştır. Diğer antimikrobiyallere direnç oranları; ampisiline %18.5, penisiline %27.2, nitrofurantoine %34.6, norfloksasine %65.4, tetrasiklin ve siprofloksasine %70.4 olarak bulunmuştur. Hiçbir enterokok susunda vankomisin direnci ve beta-laktamaz aktivitesi tespit edilememiştir. Hastanede uzun süre kalma, antibiyotik kullanımı ve intra-abdominal operasyon hikayesinin, dirençli bakteri kolonizasyonuyla ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hastanemizde yatan hastalarda fekai VRE taşıyıcılığı bulunmamakla birlikte, dirençli suşların erken, saptanabilmesi için periyodik olarak tarama testlerinin yapılması gerektiği düşünülmüştür.