Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2008 / Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 3

Investigation of herpes virus in viral meningoencephalitis suspected cases using molecular and serological methods

Viral meningeoensefalitşüpheli hastalarda herpes simpleks virusunun moleküler ve serolojik yöntemlerle araştırılması

Pages
421–428
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

According to the data obtained from this limited study, it may be suggested that PCR may be used for the detection of HSV-DNA in CSF samples during the early phase of meningoencephalitis cases, however, consideration must be taken to detect the intrathecal antibodies during the later phases of the infection where intrathecal antibody synthesis starts.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) meningoencephalitis has a high mortality rate if proper antiviral therapy is not applied.
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Key Findings & Data:CSF samples yielded no bacterial growth.
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Conclusion & Impact:According to the data obtained from this limited study, it may be suggested that PCR may be used for the detection of HSV-DNA in CSF samples during the early phase of meningoencephalitis cases, however, consideration must be taken to detect the intrathecal antibodies during the later phases of the infection where intrathecal antibody synthesis starts.
🔬Design:Lab & Field Experiment
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ensefalit · Herpes simplex · Herpesvirus 1

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) meningoencephalitis has a high mortality rate if proper antiviral therapy is not applied. Thus rapid diagnosis is of peculiar importance in such cases. In this study we aimed to evaluate the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detection of intrathecally synthesized antibodies by serological methods in viral meningoencephalitis suspected cases to determine HSV as the causative agent. Seventeen cases with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with microscopical and biochemical findings compatible with viral encephalitis were included in this study. CSF samples yielded no bacterial growth. Cell cultures propagated in Vera cell line and PCR with different primer sets against HSV- 1 and HSV-2 (specific for US7 and US2 gene regions, respectively) were used to investigate the presence of HSV in CSF. Serum samples were taken simultaneously with the CSF sampling and "Reibergram" graphics and antibody index (Al) calculations were used for the evaluation of intrathecal antibody synthesis. Albumin and total IgG levels in serum and CSF samples measured with nephelometry (Dade-Behring, Germany) for Reibergram graphics, albumin and IgG ratios were calculated. Quantitative levels of HSV 1+2 IgG were measured in serum and CSF samples using EUSA (HSV-1/2 Pool; Antibody Determination in CSF, Euroimmun, Germany) for Al determination. One of the CSF samples obtained one week after the neurological symptoms had started, yielded HSV-2 in cell culture and also HSV-2 DNA was detected by PCR. Intrathecal antibody synthesis was not detected in this case. In two cases with symptoms lasting for more than three weeks, intrathecal IgG synthesis in Reibergrams and pathological intrathecal HSV Al (27.9 and 7.9, respectively) were detected, however, virus isolation and PCR detection were not successful. For the other 14 cases, HSV-DNA were found negative and no intrathecal antibody synthesis were detected. HSV meningoencephalitis can be diagnosed via using PCR which has been accepted as gold standard in recent years, with 24 hours turn-around time. However, if CSF samples were taken later than the first week following the beginning of symptoms, possibility of HSV detection by PCR is lowered. According to the data obtained from this limited study, it may be suggested that PCR may be used for the detection of HSV-DNA in CSF samples during the early phase of meningoencephalitis cases, however, consideration must be taken to detect the intrathecal antibodies during the later phases of the infection where intrathecal antibody synthesis starts.

Özet

Antiviral tedavinin başlanmadığı herpes simpleks virus (HSV) meningoensefalitlerinde mortalite oranı yüksektir. Bu nedenle HSV meningoensefalitlerinde hızlı tanı önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, viral me ningoensefalit ön tanılı hastalarda polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ve intratekal antikor sentezi ile HSV saptanmasının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bakteriyolojik kültürlerde üreme tespit edilmemiş, beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) mikroskobik ve biyokimyasal bulguları viral meningoensefalit ile uyumlu toplam 17 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Etken olarak BOS'da HSV'nin saptanabilmesi için Vero hücrelerinde kültür ve HSV-1, HSV-2 için ayrı ayrı primerlerin kullanıldığı (sırasıyla; US7 ve US2 bölgelerine özgül) PCR yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Hastalardan BOS örneği ile eş zamanlı alınmış olan serum örneklerinde, intratekal HSV antikor sentezinin araştırılması için "Reibergram" grafikleri ve antikor indeksi (Al) hesaplama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Reibergram grafiklerini elde etmek için nefelometrik olarak (Dade-Behring, Almanya) serum ve BOS örneklerinde albumin ve total IgC değerleri belirlenmiş ve albumin ile IgG oranları hesaplanmıştır. Al belirlenmesi amacıyla, ELISA (HSV-1/2 Pool; Antibody Determination in CSF, Euroimmun, Almanya) ile serum ve BOS örneklerinde HSV 1+2 IgC düzeyleri kantitatif olarak araştırılmıştır. Semptomların başlangıcından bir hafta sonra BOS örneği alınmış olan bir hastada hem hücre kültüründen HSV-2 izole edilmiş, hem de PCR ile HSV-2 DNA'sı saptanmıştır. Bu olguda intratekal antikor sentezi saptanmamıştır. Üç haftadan uzun süredir semptomları olan iki hastanın BOS örneklerinde ise Reibergramlarda intratekal IgG sentezi saptanmış ve patolojik intratekal HSV Al (sırasıyla; 27.9 ve 7.9) tespit edilmiştir; ancak bu hastalarda virus izolasyonu ve PCR ile HSV-DNA saptanması mümkün olmamıştır. Diğer 14 hastada ise HSV varlığı (kültür veya PCR ile) ya da intratekal antikor sentezi tespit edilememiştir. HSV meningoensefalitinin tanısı, aynı günde sonuç alınabilen ve son yıllarda altın standart olarak kabul edilen PCR ile konulabilmektedir. Ancak, kliniğin başlamasından bir haftadan sonra alınacak BOS örneklerinde PCR ile HSV tespit olasılığı azalmaktadır. Sonuç olarak meningoensefalit hastalarının erken dönemlerinde BOS'da PCR ile HSV-DNA araştırılmasını, ilerleyen dönemde ise tanıda intratekal antikor tespitinin de dikkate alınması gerektiğini önermekteyiz.

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Cite This Article

AKÇALI, A., ÖZKAYA, E., YILMAZ, D., UYAR, Y., ÖNCÜL, Ö. (2008). Investigation of herpes virus in viral meningoencephalitis suspected cases using molecular and serological methods. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 3, 421–428. https://ajindex.com/articles/298993

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