Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2008 / Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 1

The value of culture and serological methods in the diagnosis of human brucellosis

Kültür ve serolojik yöntemlerin insan brusellozu tanısındaki değeri

Pages
185–195
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review article, the use and the values of culture methods and serological tests (Rose-Bengal test, SAT, Coombs' test, mercaptan-based tests, dipstick assay, flow assay, ELISA and brucellacapt) in the diagnosis of brucellosis have been discussed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Human brucellosis is a potentially life-threatening multisystem disease.
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Key Findings & Data:Although the sensitivity of blood culture method varies depending on the individual laboratory practices, quantity of bacteria in blood and the methods used, it changes between 15-70 percent.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this review article, the use and the values of culture methods and serological tests (Rose-Bengal test, SAT, Coombs' test, mercaptan-based tests, dipstick assay, flow assay, ELISA and brucellacapt) in the diagnosis of brucellosis have been discussed.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Human brucellosis is a potentially life-threatening multisystem disease. During the first week of infection, IgM antibodies against lipopolysaccharide antigens appear in the serum, followed by IgG antibodies as early as the second week. Both antibody isotypes peak during the fourth week, and the use of antibiotics was associated with a decline of both IgM and IgG class antibodies. The diagnosis of brucellosis is based on a detailed history obtained from the patients and the isolation of Brucella spp. from blood cultures are accepted as the standard method. The definitive diagnosis of brucellosis requires isolation of the bacterium from blood, bone marrow or tissue samples. Although the sensitivity of blood culture method varies depending on the individual laboratory practices, quantity of bacteria in blood and the methods used, it changes between 15-70 percent. Bone marrow culture is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of brucellosis, since the relatively high concentration of Brucella in reticuloendothelial system enables the detection of the organism. The standard tube agglutination test (SAT) is the most widely used serologic test for the confirmation of human brucellosis. The detection of seroconversion or high antibody titers (>1/160) are considered diagnostic together with a compatible clinical presentation. The lack of seropositivity in patients with strongly suspected clinical picture may be attributed to the performance of tests early in the course of infection, the presence of blocking antibodies (non-agglutinating, incomplete) or the so-called "prezone" phenomenon. Enzyme immunoassays (ELISA) which measure specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies, allow for a better interpretation of the clinical situation and overcome the false negativities/positivities which may arise in SAT. In this review article, the use and the values of culture methods and serological tests (Rose-Bengal test, SAT, Coombs' test, mercaptan-based tests, dipstick assay, flow assay, ELISA and brucellacapt) in the diagnosis of brucellosis have been discussed.

Özet

İnsan brusellozu çoklu organ tutulumu ile seyreden ve potansiyel olarak yaşamı tehdit eden bir hastalıktır. Enfeksiyonun ilk haftasında IgM antikorları, en erken ikinci haftasında ise IgG antikorları yükselir ve her ikisi de dördüncü haftada pik yapar. Antibiyotik tedavisi ile IgM ve IgG antikorlarının düzeyi düşmektedir. Hastadan alınacak detaylı öykü ve kan kültüründen bakterinin üretilmesi tanıda halen standart olan yöntemdir. Brusellozun kesin tanısı kan, kemik iliği ve doku örneklerinden bakterinin izole edilmesi ile konulmaktadır. Kan kültürünün duyarlılığı laboratuvar pratiğine, kullanılan yönteme ve kanda dolaşan bakteri miktarına göre değişmekle birlikte %15-70 aralığındadır. Kemik iliği kültürü, bakteri özellikle retiküloendotelyal sistemde yüksek konsantrasyonda olduğu için altın standart yöntemdir. Standart aglütinasyon testi (STA), insan brusellozunun doğrulanmasında en sık kullanılan serolojik yöntemdir. Klinik bulgular varlığında serokonversiyonun ya da >1/160 fitrelerin saptanması hastalığın tanısında yol göstericidir. Klinik olarak kuvvetle şüpheli hastalarda seropozitifliğin saptanamaması, enfeksiyonun çok erken dönemini, blokan (non agglutinating, 'incomplete) antikorların varlığını ya da prezon fenomenini düşündürmelidir. Enzim immün yöntemleri (ELISA), Brucella 'ya özgül IgG, IgM ve IgA antikorlarının düzeyini belirleyen, klinik yorumu daha kolay olan ve STA testinde yalancı negatiflik/pozitifliklere neden olan faktörleri ortadan kaldıran bir yöntemdir. Bu derleme yazıda brusellozun laboratuvar tanısında kültür ve serolojik yöntemlerin (Rose-Bengal, STA, Coombs', mercaptan testleri, "dipstick" yöntemi, akım yöntemi, ELISA ve brucellacapt) kullanımı ve değeri tartışılmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

ALIŞKAN, H. E. (2008). The value of culture and serological methods in the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 1, 185–195. https://ajindex.com/articles/298991

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