Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2008 / Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 4

Evaluation of laboratory diagnosis of the first norovirus outbreak in Turkey in 2008

Türkiye’de 2008 yılında ortaya çıkan ilk norovirus salgınının laboratuvar sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi

Pages
607–615
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As the identification of the etiologic agent is important during gastroenteritis outbreaks, it is recommended to combine two different methods for rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of NoV.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most prominent agents of gastroenteritis and water/food-borne outbreaks affecting all of the age groups in the world.
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Key Findings & Data:Although NoV outbreaks have been observed in many different countries of the world, there was no report on "NoV outbreak" in Turkey till 2008 due to the absence of a regular surveillance system for non-bacterial gastroenteritis.
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Conclusion & Impact:As the identification of the etiologic agent is important during gastroenteritis outbreaks, it is recommended to combine two different methods for rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of NoV.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2008 Verileri
⚙️Variables:RNA · viral · Hastalık salgınları

Abstract

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most prominent agents of gastroenteritis and water/food-borne outbreaks affecting all of the age groups in the world. As the identification of the etiologic agent is important during gastroenteritis outbreaks, it is recommended to combine two different methods for rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis of NoV. Although NoV outbreaks have been observed in many different countries of the world, there was no report on "NoV outbreak" in Turkey till 2008 due to the absence of a regular surveillance system for non-bacterial gastroenteritis. This study aimed to present the laboratory results for "the first NoV outbreak" in Turkey in 2008. A number of cases with diarrhea and nausea/vomiting initially emerged in Aksaray (located at the southern part of central Anatolia) in May 2008, followed by cases from Sereflikochisar, Kirsehir, and Adana provinces (located at central and southern Anatolia; geographically closer regions). However, regional laboratories declared that no known bacterial (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli), viral (Rotavirus, Adenovirus) and parasitic agents were detected. A total of 50 stool samples were sent to the Virology Reference Laboratory (Refik Saydam Hygiene Center, Ankara) for further investigations including NoV. For the investigation of NoV, the samples were analysed by using antigen-ELISA (Ridascreen, R-Biopharm, Germany) and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) methods. Of the samples, 26% (13/50) were found antigen positive, whereas 33% (13/40) were positive for viral nucleic acids. The positivity rates determined by ELISA and PCR were as follows, respectively; 57% (4/7) and 71% (5/7) in Aksaray, 25% (1/4) and 25% (1/4) in Sereflikochisar, 28% (7/25) and 40% (6/15) in Kirsehir, 7% (1/14) and 7% (1/14) in Adana. Nine (69.2%), and 4 (30.8%) out of 13 positive samples were genotyped as NoV GI and GII, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of antigen-ELISA method were found as 61.5% and 100%, respectively, when compared with real-time PCR. In conclusion, further epidemiological studies and genomic analysis are needed for the detection and control of circulating strains in Turkey, since NoV outbreaks spread rapidly and cause serious economical and workforce loss.

Özet

Noroviruslar, dünyada yaygın olarak görülen ve tüm yaş gruplarını kapsayan gastroenteritler ile su/gıda kaynaklı salgınların başlıca etkenlerindendir. Etyolojik etkenin tanımlanmasının önem taşıdığı gastroenterit salgınlarında, NoV varlığının araştırılması için, hızlı ve güvenilir sonuçlar açısından en az iki farklı metodun kombine olarak kullanılması önerilmektedir. Bakteriyel olmayan gastroenteritlerle ilgili sür-veyans sistemine sahip olmayan ülkemizde, 2008 yılına kadar "salgın şeklinde" norovirus (NoV) enfeksiyonu bildirimi yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde "ilk kez salgın yapan" NoV'un laboratuvar tanısı ile ilgili bulguların tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. 2008 yılı Mayıs ayından itibaren önce Aksaray olmak üzere, Şereflikoçhisar, Kırşehir ve Adana şehirlerinde "ishal ve bulantı-kusma" ile karakterize olgular ortaya çıkmış; bölgesel taboratuvarlarda yapılan incelemelerde bilinen bakteriyel (Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterotoksijenik Escherichia coli), viral (rotavirus, adenovirus) ve paraziter etkenlerin saptanamadığı bildirilmiştir. NoV açısından değerlendirilmek üzere bu merkezlerden toplam 50 dışkı örneği uygun koşullarda ve soğuk zincir kurallarına uyularak Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Merkezi Başkanlığı, Viroloji Referans ve Araştırma Laboratuvarına gönderilmiştir. NoV laboratuvar tanısı için antijen-ELISA (Ridascreen, R-Biop-harm, Almanya) ve gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Almanya) yöntemleri kullanılmış; dışkı örneklerinin %26 (13/50)'sında antijen, %33 (13/40)'ünde ise nükleik asit pozitifliği saptanmıştır. ELISA ve PCR ile örneklerdeki pozitiflik oranı sırasıyla; Aksaray'da %57 (4/7) ve %71 (5/7), Şereflikoçhisar'da %25 (1/4) ve %25 (1/4), Kırşehir'de %28 (7/25) ve %40 (6/15), Adana'da %7 (1/14) ve %7 (1/14) olarak belirlenmiştir. NoV RNA varlığı saptanan 13 örneğin 9 (%69.2)'unda Gl, 4 (%30.8)'ünde ise Gll genotipi tespit edilmiştir. Gerçek zamanlı PCR ile karşılaştırıldığında, ELISA testinin duyarlılığının %61.5, özgüllüğünün %100 olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, yayı-lım hızı yüksek olan ve ciddi ekonomik ve iş gücü kayıplarına yol açan NoV salgınları ile ilgili olarak, ülkemizde daha geniş epidemiyolojik çalışmalara ve genom dizilimi araştırmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

UYAR, Y., ÇARHAN, A., ÖZKAYA, E., ERTEK, M. (2008). Evaluation of laboratory diagnosis of the first norovirus outbreak in Turkey in 2008. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 42 - Sayı: 4, 607–615. https://ajindex.com/articles/298963

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