Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2009 / Cilt: 43 - Sayı: 1

The rate of inducible clindamycin resistance and susceptibilities to other antimicrobial agents in staphylococci

Stafilokoklarda indüklenebilir klindamisin direnci ve diğer antibiyotiklere duyarlılık oranları

Pages
37–44
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It can be concluded that inducible clindamycin resistance should be tested for staphylococci during routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Staphylococci are one of the most common pathogens isolated from nosocomial and community acquired infections.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 286 staphylococcus strains [184 Staphylococcus aureus, 102 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)] were studied.
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Conclusion & Impact:It can be concluded that inducible clindamycin resistance should be tested for staphylococci during routine antibiotic susceptibility testing.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Çapraz enfeksiyon · Anti-enfektif ajanlar · Klindamisin

Abstract

Staphylococci are one of the most common pathogens isolated from nosocomial and community acquired infections. Antibiotics used by oral route such as erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and quinolones are of value especially in the treatment of community acquired infections and resistance to those antibiotics may lead to therapeutic failure. Therefore in this study, susceptibility of staphylococci to TMP-SMX, rifampin, tetracycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin and the presence of inducible clindamycin resistance were investigated in two distinct university hospitals in Turkey. A total of 286 staphylococcus strains [184 Staphylococcus aureus, 102 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)] were studied. Of the 90 hospital-acquired S. aureus, 44.6% were methicillin-resistant while all of the community acquired strains were methicillin-susceptible. All of the CoNS strains were isolated from nosocomial infections and 71.6% of them were resistant to methicillin. Inducible clindamycin resistance rate of CoNS strains (34.3%) was higher than that of S. aureus strains (7.1%) and the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.00001). Positive D-test among CoNS were significantly higher in S. hominis strains (p= 0.00001). Susceptibilities of S. aureus strains to tetracycline, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and TMP-SMX were 56%, 59%, 56%, 56% and 99%, respectively. Susceptibilities of CoNS strains to tetracycline, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and TMP-SMX were 73%, 72%, 39%, 40% and 46%, respectively. None of these strains were vancomycin resistant. Differences between tetracycline, rifampin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin resistance rates among D-test positive and negative S. aureus strains were found statistically significant. Although among CoNS isolates, no statistically significant difference was found between the resistance rates, D-test positive strains were determined to be more resistant. Differences between tetracycline, rifampin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin resistance rates among D-test positive S. aureus and CoNS strains were found statistically significant. It can be concluded that inducible clindamycin resistance should be tested for staphylococci during routine antibiotic susceptibility testing. According to the presented data, clindamycin still can be used empirically in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections in our region, however, the routine use of rapid, easy, reproducible and economic D-test for the determination of inducible clindamycin resistance in erythromycin resistant strains should be considered in clinical microbiology laboratories. Inducible clindamycin resistance must be anticipated carefully while considering therapeutic options especially for CoNS infections.

Özet

Stafilokoklar nozokomiyal ve toplum kökenli enfeksiyonlarda en sık izole edilen etkenlerden biridir. Özellikle toplum kökenli enfeksiyonlarda antibiyotikler oral yol ile kullanılır ve eritromisin, klindamisin, trimetoprim-sülfametoksazol (SXT), kinolonlar gibi antibiyotiklere direnç tedavi başarısızlığına neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, iki üniversite hastanesinde saptanan enfeksiyonlardan izole edilen stafilokoklarda indük- lenebilir klindamisin direnci disk-difüzyon indüksiyon testi (D test) ile ve rifampin, SXT, tetrasiklin, gentamisin, siprofloksasin ve vankomisin duyarlılığı disk difüzyon yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya, 286 stafilokok suşu [184 Staphylococcus aureus, 102 koagülaz-negatif stafilokok (KNS)] dahil edilmiş; toplum kökenli 90 S.aureas suşunun hepsi metisiline duyarlı bulunurken, hastane kökenli 94 S.aureus suşunun %44.6'sında metisiline direnç saptanmıştır. KNS'lerin hepsi hastane kökenli olup %71.6'sı metisiline dirençlidir. KNS'lerde (%34.3) indüklenebilir klindamisin direnci, S.aureus suşlarından (%7.1) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunmuştur (p= 0.00001). KNS'ler arasında da Staphylococcus hominis suşlarında D test pozitifliği anlamlı oranda daha yüksektir (p= 0.00001). S.aureus suşlarının tetrasiklin, rifampin, siprofloksasin, gentamisin ve SXT duyarlılığı sırasıyla %56, %59, %56, %56 ve %99 olarak saptan¬mış, bu oranlar KNS suşları için sırasıyla %73, %72, %39, %40 ve %46 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Suşların hiçbirisinde vankomisin direnci saptanmamıştır. Tetrasiklin, rifampin, siprofloksasin ve gentamisin direnci, D testi pozitif S.aureus suşlarında negatif olanlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuş; KNS izolatları arasında D testi pozitif saptananlar daha dirençli olmakla birlikte negatiflere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermemişlerdir. D testi pozitif S.aureus suşlarının tetrasiklin, rifampin, siprofloksasin ve SXT direnci, D testi pozitif KNS suşlarından daha yüksek saptanmış ve aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak verilerimiz, bölgemizde özellikle metisiline duyarlı S.aureus enfeksiyonlarının ampirik tedavisinde klindamisinin kullanılabileceğini; ancak özellikle eritromisi ne dirençli suşlar için hızlı, kolay, tekrarlanabilir ve ekonomik olan D testinin, her laboratuvarda rutin olarak uygulanmasının yararlı olacağını düşündürmektedir.

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Cite This Article

OĞUZ, A. V., YAPAR, N., SEZAK, N., ÇAVUŞ, A. S., KURUTEPE, S., PEKSEL, H., ÇAKIR, N., YÜCE, A. (2009). The rate of inducible clindamycin resistance and susceptibilities to other antimicrobial agents in staphylococci. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 43 - Sayı: 1, 37–44. https://ajindex.com/articles/298917

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