Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2009 / Cilt: 43 - Sayı: 1

In vitro effect of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates alone and in combination with some antibiotics against Brucella melitensis clinical isolates

Reaktif oksijen ve nitrojen ara ürünlerinin tek başlarına ve çeşitli antibiyotiklere kombinasyonlarının Brucella melitensis klinik izolatları üzerine in vitro etkisi

Pages
19–26
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, further explanation of the interactions between antibiotics and the substances produced by the immune system of the host during the infections caused by intracellular pathogens, might have an important impact on the determination of the treatment protocols and the measures to prevent relapses.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Brucella spp. replicate and survive in lympho-proliferative tissues and cells, thus effective treatment of brucellosis requires the combined and long term use of intracellularly active antibiotics.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this study we aimed to determine the in vitro activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; reactive oxygen intermediate) and acidified sodium nitrite (ASN; reactive nitrogen intermediate) alone and in combination with rifampicin (RIF) and tetracycline (TET) against four clinical isolates of Brucella melitensis.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, further explanation of the interactions between antibiotics and the substances produced by the immune system of the host during the infections caused by intracellular pathogens, might have an important impact on the determination of the treatment protocols and the measures to prevent relapses.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Reaktif oksijen türleri · Rifampin · Sodyum nitrit

Abstract

Brucella spp. replicate and survive in lympho-proliferative tissues and cells, thus effective treatment of brucellosis requires the combined and long term use of intracellularly active antibiotics. Elimination of the microorganism largely depends on the reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates released by activated macrophages. In this study we aimed to determine the in vitro activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; reactive oxygen intermediate) and acidified sodium nitrite (ASN; reactive nitrogen intermediate) alone and in combination with rifampicin (RIF) and tetracycline (TET) against four clinical isolates of Brucella melitensis. Initially minimal inhibitory concentrations of RIF and TET were determined by microbroth dilution susceptibility test. The activity of 2 and 5 mM H2O2 and 3 and 6 mM ASN was tested against each isolate by direct colony count from the agar plates inoculated with bacterial suspensions treated with H2O2 or ASN. The last step in the assay was to determine the combined effectiveness of RIF and TET plus H2O2 and ASN. From each three rolls of assay apparatus samples were taken at 0., 1., 6. and 24. hours and inoculated on Brucella agar. The plates were incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours and colonies were counted. While RIF alone or in combination with H2O2 supressed the growth of bacteria even in the first hour, TET alone did not show any effect in 24 hours. However, in combination with reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates TET affected bacterial growth starting from six hours. In conclusion, further explanation of the interactions between antibiotics and the substances produced by the immune system of the host during the infections caused by intracellular pathogens, might have an important impact on the determination of the treatment protocols and the measures to prevent relapses.

Özet

Brucella türleri hücre içinde yerleşerek çoğalan mikroorganizmalar olduğundan hastalığın tedavisinde makrofajlar içinde etkili olan antibiyotiklerin kombine ve uzun süre kullanılması gerekir. Mikroorganizmanın eliminasyonunda, aktive makrofajlardan salınan reaktif oksijen ve nitrojen ara ürünleri büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, reaktif oksijen ara ürünlerinden hidrojen peroksit (H202) ile reaktif nitrojen ara ürünlerinden nitritin (asidifiye sodyum nitrit; ASN) tek başlarına ve rifampisin (RIF) ve tetrasiklin (TET) ile kombinasyonlarının, klinik örneklerden izole edilen 4 Brucella melitensis suşuna karşı in vitro etkinliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle buyyon mikrodilüsyon yöntemiyle RIF ve TET'in minimum inhibitor konsantrasyonları saptanmış, daha sonra H202'nin 2 ve 5 mM'lık konsantrasyonları ile ASN'nin 3 ve 6 mM'lık konsantrasyonlarının her bir izolata karşı etkinliği test edilmiştir. En son aşama olarak da H202 ve ASN ile RIF ve TET'in kombine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hazırlanan üç deney düzeneğinden 0., 1., 6. ve 24. saatlerde alınan örnekler Brucella ağara ekilmiş, besiyerleri 37°C'de 48 saat inkübe edildikten sonra koloniler sayılarak cfu/ml olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Rifampisin tek başına ve özellikle H202 ile kombine olarak 1. saatte bile üremeyi baskılarken, TET'in tek başına 24. saatte etkili olmadığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte TET'in reaktif oksijen ve nitrojen ara ürünleriyle kombinasyonunun 6. saatten sonra bakteri üremesini engellediği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Brucella türleri gibi hücre içi patojenlere bağlı olarak gelişen enfeksiyonlarda kullanılan antibiyotiklerle, konağın savunma hücreleri tarafından üretilen maddelerin etkileşimlerinin tam olarak aydınlatılmasının, relapsların önlenmesinde ve tedavi protokollerinin belirlenmesinde yarar sağlayacağı kanaatine varılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

TANYEL, E., ÇOBAN, A. Y., FIŞGIN, T. N., TÜLEK, N., DURUPINAR, B. (2009). In vitro effect of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates alone and in combination with some antibiotics against Brucella melitensis clinical isolates. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 43 - Sayı: 1, 19–26. https://ajindex.com/articles/298904

References (13)

  1. Kuby J. Immunology. 1997, 3rd ed. WH Freeman Company, New York
  2. Valderas MW, Barrow WW. Establishment of a method for evaluating intracellular antibiotic efficacy in Brucella abortus-infected Mono Mac 6 monocytes. J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 61: 128-34
  3. Lecaroz C, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Burrell MA, Gamazo C. Intracellular killing of Brucella melitensis in human macrophages with microsphere-encapsulated gentamicin. J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 58: 549-56
  4. Jiang X, Leonard B, Benson R, Baldwin CL. Macrophage control of Brucella abortus: role of reactive oxygen intermediates and nitric oxide. Cell Immunol 1993; 151: 309-19
  5. Akova M, Gür D, Livermore DM, Kocagöz T, Akalın HE. In vitro activities of antibiotics alone and in combination against Brucella melitensis at neutral and acidic pHs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1298-300
  6. Tanyel E, Çoban AY, Koruk ST, et al. Actual antibiotic resistance pattern of Brucella melitensis in central Anatolia: An update from an endemic region. Saudi Med J 2007; 28: 477-80
  7. Dornand J, Gross A, Lafont V, Liautard J, Oliaro J, Liautard JP. The innate immune response against Brucella in humans. Vet Microbiol 2002; 60: 383-94
  8. Melek İM, Erdoğan S, Çelik S, Aslantas O, Duman T. Evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammation in long term Brucella melitensis infection. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 293: 203-9
  9. Skalsky K, Yahav D, Bishara J, Pitlik S, Leibovici L, Paul M. Treatment of human brucellosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2008; 336: 701-4
  10. Firmani MA, Riley LW. Reactive nitrogen intermediates have a bacteriostatic effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 3162-6
  11. Firmani MA, Riley LW. Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 is resistant to reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates in vitro. Infect Immun 2002; 70: 3965-8
  12. Brugmann WB, Firmani MA. Low concentrations of nitric oxide exert a hormetic effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 4844-6
  13. Çoban AY, Ekinci B, Durupınar B. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium'un reaktif oksijen ve nitrojen ara ürünlerine in-vitro duyarlılığı. Mikrobiyol Bul 2003; 37: 27-33.