Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2010 / Cilt: 44 - Sayı: 3

Meningococcemia and meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis W135 developed in two cases vaccinated with bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine

Bivalan (A/C) meningokok aşısı ile aşılanmış iki olguda neisseria meningitidis W135’e bağlı gelişen meningokoksemi ve menenjit

Pages
473–478
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As far as the last decade’s literature and these two cases were considered, it might be concluded that N.meningitidis W135 strains which were not included in the current bivalent meningococcal vaccine, gained endemic potential in Turkey.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Meningococcal infections may develop as episodic or endemic cases particularly among children attending day-care centers, boarding schools or among military personnel.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine is applied to all new military stuff since 1993 in Turkey.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:As far as the last decade’s literature and these two cases were considered, it might be concluded that N.meningitidis W135 strains which were not included in the current bivalent meningococcal vaccine, gained endemic potential in Turkey.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Meningococcal infections may develop as episodic or endemic cases particularly among children attending day-care centers, boarding schools or among military personnel. Bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine is applied to all new military stuff since 1993 in Turkey. In this report two cases of meningococcemia and meningitis, developed in two soldiers vaccinated with meningococcal vaccine, were pre- sented. The first case was a 21 years old male patient who was admitted to the emergency service with the complaints of high fever, headache, fatigue and vomiting. He was conscious, cooperative and oriented with normal neurological findings. Maculopapular exanthems were detected at the lower extremities. The patient was hospitalized with the initial diagnosis of sepsis or meningococcemia and empirical treatment was initiated with ceftriaxone and dexamethasone. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination yielded 10 cells/mm3 (lymphocytes) with normal CSF biochemical parameters. A few hours later skin rashes spread over the body rapidly, the symptoms got worse, confusion, disorientation and disorientation developed, and the patient died due to cardiac and respiratory arrest at the seventh hour of his admission. The second case was also a 21 years old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of fever, headache, painful urination, confusion and agitation. He was initially diagnosed as acute bacterial meningitis due to clinical (stiff neck, positive Kernig and Brudzinsky signs) and CSF (8000 cells/mm3; 80% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, increased protein and decreased glucose levels) findings. Empirical antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone was initiated and continued for 14 days. The patient was discharged with complete cure and no complication was detected in his follow-up visit after two months. The first case had an history of vaccination with bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine three months ago and the second case had been vaccinated one month ago. The bacteria isolated from the blood culture of the first case and the CFS culture of the second case, were identified as Neisseria meningitidis by conventional and API NH system (BioMerieux, France). The isolates were serogrouped as W135 by slide agglutination method (Difco, USA), and both were found to be susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone. As far as the last decade’s literature and these two cases were considered, it might be concluded that N.meningitidis W135 strains which were not included in the current bivalent meningococcal vaccine, gained endemic potential in Turkey. Since N.meningitidis W135 strains may lead to serious diseases, vaccination of the risk population with the conjugate tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (A/C/Y/W135) should be taken into consideration in Turkey.

Özet

Meningokokkal hastalıklar, özellikle yuva çocukları, yatılı okul öğrencileri ve kışlalardaki askerler arasında epizodik ve epidemik şekilde ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Ülkemizde 1993 yılından itibaren tüm yeni dönem erlere bivalan (A/C) meningokok aşılaması yapılmaktadır. Bu raporda, aşıya rağmen meningokoksemi ve menenjit gelişen ve kültürlerinden Neisseria meningitidis W135 izolasyonu yapılan iki asker olgu sunulmaktadır. İlk olgu 21 yaşında olup, baş ağrısı, yüksek ateş, halsizlik ve kusma şikayetleriyle hastanemizin acil servisine başvurmuştur. Şuuru açık, koopere ve oryante olan olgunun nörolojik muayenesi normal olarak saptanmış, alt ekstremitelerde maküler döküntüler izlenmiştir. Sepsis ya da meningokoksemi ön tanılarıyla yatırılan hastaya ampirik olarak deksametazon ve seftriakson tedavisi başlanmıştır. Beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) mikroskopisinde 10 hücre/mm3 (lenfosit) görülmüş, BOS biyokimyası normal bulunmuştur. Birkaç saat içinde döküntülerin tüm vücuda yayıldığı gözlenen hastanın klinik durumu hızla kötüleşmiş; konfüzyon ve kooperasyon/oryantasyon bozukluğu gelişmiş ve hasta başvurusundan yedi saat sonra kardiyak ve solunum yetmezliği sonucu kaybedilmiştir. Yine 21 yaşında olan ikinci olgu ise ateş, baş ağrısı, idrarda yanma, uykuya meyil ve ajitasyon şikayetleri ile hastanemize sevk edilmiştir. Klinik (ense sertliği, Kernig ve Brudzinsky pozitif) ve BOS bulguları (8000 hücre/mm3; %80 PMNL, artmış protein, azalmış şeker) ile akut bakteriyel menenjit ön tanısı konulan hastaya seftriakson tedavisi başlanmıştır. Tedavisi 14 güne tamamlanan hastanın iki ay sonraki kontrolünde tam iyileşme saptanmıştır. İlk olgunun üç ay, ikinci olgunun ise bir ay kadar önce bivalan (A/C) meningokok aşısı ile aşılanma öyküsü mevcuttur. İlk hastanın kan kültürü ile ikinci hastanın BOS kültüründen izole edilen mikroorganizmalar konvansiyonel yöntemler ve API NH sistemi (BioMerieux, Fransa) ile N.meningitidis olarak tanımlanmış; izolatlar lam aglütinasyon yöntemi (Difco, ABD) ile serogrup W-135 olarak tiplendirilmiştir. İzolatların penisilin ve seftriaksona duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sunulan bu olgular ile birlikte, son 10 yıla ait literatür verileri, N.meningitidis W135 suşlarının ülkemizde endemik hale geldiği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, ülkemizde bivalan aşı içeriğinde bulunmayan W-135 N.meningitidis suşlarının ciddi enfeksiyonlara neden olabileceği göz önünde bulundurularak, aşılamada tetravalan (A/C/Y/W135) konjuge meningokok aşılarının tercih edilmesi gerektiği kanısına varılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

TURHAN, V., ACAR, A., KILIÇ, A., BUDAK, S., ÖNCÜL, O., HAZNEDAROĞLU, T., GÖRENEK, L. (2010). Meningococcemia and meningitis due to neisseria meningitidis W135 developed in two cases vaccinated with bivalent (A/C) meningococcal vaccine. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 44 - Sayı: 3, 473–478. https://ajindex.com/articles/298850

References (13)

  1. Apicella MA. Neisseria meningitidis, pp: 2498-513. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds), Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 2005, 6th ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia
  2. Winn W Jr, Allen S, Janda W, et al (eds). Neisseria meningitidis, pp: 580-4. in: Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 2005, 6th ed. JB Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, Philadelphia
  3. World Health Organization. Control of epidemic meningococcal disease. WHO Practical Guidelines. 1998, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
  4. Rosenstein NE, Perkins BA, Stephens DS, Popovic T, Hughes JM. Meningococcal disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1378-88
  5. Mercier JC, Bingen E, Schlegel N, et al. Meningococcal purpura fulminans: untoward result of genetic polymorphism? Arch Pediatr 2001; 8: 843-52
  6. Caugant DA, Tzanakaki G, Kriz P. Lessons from meningococcal carriage studies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2007; 31: 52-63
  7. Berkman E, Özben G. Meningococcic meningitis epidemic in Ankara. Mikrobiyol Bul 1982; 16: 101-6
  8. Berkman E, Özben G, İlhan O. A meningococcal epidemic in Ankara. Mikrobiyol Bul 1977; 11: 256-66
  9. Bakir M, Yagci A, Ulger N, Akbenlioglu C, Ilki A, Soyletir G. Asymtomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica in relation to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae colonization in healthy children: apropos of 1400 children sampled. Eur J Epidemiol 2001; 17: 1015-8
  10. Ceyhan M. Konjuge pnömokok aşısı. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi 2006; 28: 668-81
  11. Doganci L, Baysallar M, Saracli MA, Hascelik G, Pahsa A. Neisseria meningitidis W135, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 936-7
  12. Kilic A, Urwin R, Li H, Saracli MA, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Clonal spread of serogroup W135 meningococcal disease in Turkey. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 222-4
  13. Ceyhan M, Yildirim I, Balmer P, et al. A Prospective study of etiology of childhood acute bacterial meningitis, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 1089-96.