Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2011 / Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 2

Investigation of occult hepatitis B in HIV infected patients

HIV pozitif olgularda okült hepatit B varlığının araştırılması

Pages
353–358
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, further large-scale studies are required to fully understand the impact of occult HBV in HIV-infected patients in Turkey.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Due to their shared transmission route, hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections can be observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cases and are associated with more severe clinical courses.
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Key Findings & Data:Absolute CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were determined via flow cytometry.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, further large-scale studies are required to fully understand the impact of occult HBV in HIV-infected patients in Turkey.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Due to their shared transmission route, hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections can be observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cases and are associated with more severe clinical courses. The detection of HBV DNA despite HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegativity is defined as occult HBV infections. According to the current seroepidemiological data, Turkey is classified as an intermediate HBV, low HIV endemic region. Occult HBV infections have previously been reported from Turkey but has not been investigated previously in HIV infected cohorts. The aim of this study was to identify occult HBV infections in HIV-infected persons. Twenty-eight HIV-positive cases followed-up at Hacettepe University Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit were included in the study after informed consent. For the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV, commercial ELISA tests (Architect System, Abbott Diagnostics, USA) were employed. Absolute CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were determined via flow cytometry. HIV viral load was calculated via COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Real-time PCR (Roche Diagnostics, USA) and the presence of HBV DNA was evaluated via COBAS TaqMan HBV Real-time PCR (Roche Diagnostics, USA), in addition to a nested PCR assay targeting HBV S gene. The mean age of the study group was 43.2 (range between 27-65) years, 64.3% (18/28) of them were males and the mean duration of HIV infection was 4.2 (2-11) years. Mean CD4+ ve CD8+ T-cell counts were 414 ± 267 cells/mm3 and 854 ± 293 cells/mm3, respectively. Twenty-six (92.8%) cases were under highly-active anti-retroviral therapy at the time of the study, 88.5% of which included HBVactive drugs (lamivudine or tenofovir). HIV RNA were found negative in 11 (39.3%) patients, of those nine (81.8%) were the cases who treated with HBV-active antiretroviral therapy. HBsAg were negative in all of the 28 patients, while the positivity rates of anti-HBs and anti-HCV were 39.3% (11/28) and 3.6% (1/28), respectively. All samples were negative for HBV DNA via the commercial real-time PCR and in-house nested PCR assays. The absence of occult HBV in the study group may indicate the absence of occult HBV or suppression of viral replication due to the anti-retroviral therapy. In conclusion, further large-scale studies are required to fully understand the impact of occult HBV in HIV-infected patients in Turkey.

Özet

Ortak bulaş yolları nedeniyle, insan immünyetmezlik virusu (Human Immunodeficiency Virus; HIV) ile enfekte kişilerde, hepatit B virusu (HBV) veya hepatit C virusu (HCV) koenfeksiyonları izlenebilmekte ve çeşitli ek sorunlara neden olabilmektedir. Okült HBV enfeksiyonu, HBV yüzey antijeni (HBsAg) negatif olgularda viral DNA’nın saptanması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Seroepidemiyolojik verilere göre Türkiye, orta endemik HBV, düşük endemik HIV bölgesi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Ülkemizde okült HBV olguları rapor edilmiş olmasına karşın, HIV pozitif popülasyonlarda prevalans incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, hastanemizde izlenen HIV ile enfekte olgularda okült HBV varlığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Ünitesinde takip edilen 28 HIV pozitif olgu, bilgilendirilmiş onam alınarak dahil edilmiştir. Olgularda HBsAg, anti-HBs ve anti-HCV belirleyicileri ticari ELISA sistemi (Architect System, Abbott Diagnostics, ABD) ile araştırılmış, mutlak CD4+ ve CD8+ T lenfosit sayıları akım sitometrisi ile saptanmıştır. HIV viral yükünün belirlenmesi için COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Real-time PCR (Roche Diagnostics, ABD) sistemi kullanılmış; HBV DNA’sının tespiti ise COBAS TaqMan HBV Real-time PCR (Roche Diagnostics, ABD) ve viral genomda S genini hedefleyen bir “nested” PCR yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan 28 olgunun yaş aralığı 27-65 (ortalama: 43.2) yıl olup, 18 (%64.3)’i erkektir. Hastalarda HIV enfeksiyonunun ortalama süresi 4.2 (2-11) yıl olarak izlenmiş; ortalama CD4+ ve CD8+ T lenfosit sayıları ise sırasıyla 414 ± 267 hücre/mm3 ve 854 ± 293 hücre/mm3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Hastaların 26 (%92.8)’sına farklı HAART (Highly-Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) protokolleri uygulanmakta olup, tedavi rejimlerinin %88.5’inin HBV’ye etkili ilaçlar olan lamivudin ya da tenofoviri içerdiği saptanmıştır. Hastaların 11 (11/28; %39.3)’inde HIV RNA negatif bulunmuş ve bunların 9 (%81.8)’unun HBV’ye karşı aktif antiretroviral tedavi alan hastalar olduğu izlenmiştir. Tüm olgularda HBsAg negatif olup; anti-HBs pozitifliği %39.3 (11/28), anti-HCV pozitifliği ise %3.6 (1/28) oranında belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda incelenen 28 olgunun tamamı, “real-time” PCR ve “nested” PCR yöntemleri ile HBV DNA açısından negatif bulunmuş ve buna göre HIV pozitif olgularda okült hepatit B varlığı saptanmamıştır. Bu sonuç, olgu grubumuzda okült HBV enfeksiyonunun olmamasının yanı sıra, uygulanan tedavi rejiminin HBV replikasyonunu baskılayarak okült HBV’nin saptanmasını engellemesine de bağlı olabilir. Dolayısıyla ülkemizde HIV ile enfekte olgularda okült HBV enfeksiyonlarının varlığı ve öneminin ortaya çıkarılabilmesi için geniş kapsamlı ek çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

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Cite This Article

ALTINBAŞ, A., TURGUT, D., ERGÜNAY, K., ALP, A., HASÇELİK, G., BAŞARAN, N. Ç., UZUN, Ö., ÜNAL, S. (2011). Investigation of occult hepatitis B in HIV infected patients. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 45 - Sayı: 2, 353–358. https://ajindex.com/articles/298718

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