Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2012 / Cilt: 46 - Sayı: 3

Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in enterobacteriaceae: A multicenter study

Enterobacteriaceae üyelerinde plazmid aracılı kinolon direnç determinantlarının araştırılması: Çok merkezli bir çalışma

Pages
366–374
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Survey of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance will help to determine the size of the issue and guide the measures that should be taken to avoid escalation of resistance and dissemination problem.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Fluoroquinolones which are in use since 1986, are effective agents both against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Main quinolone resistance mechanisms are chromosomal mutations in these enzymes and decreased intracellular accumulation due to efflux pumps or decreased membrane uptake.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Survey of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance will help to determine the size of the issue and guide the measures that should be taken to avoid escalation of resistance and dissemination problem.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:2009 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Fluoroquinolones which are in use since 1986, are effective agents both against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Quinolones show bactericidal effect as a result of inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. Main quinolone resistance mechanisms are chromosomal mutations in these enzymes and decreased intracellular accumulation due to efflux pumps or decreased membrane uptake. Recently a new quinolone resistance mechanism mediated by plasmids has been defined. These plasmids carry genes called as qnr. Qnr genes do not cause quinolone resistance but they cause decreased quinolone susceptibility and lead to higher minimum inhibitory concentrations. Currently there are qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD and qnrS genes. This study was aimed to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from four different centers in Turkey. A total of 647 isolates (387 from Trabzon, Black Sea region; 82 from Canakkale, Trace region; 96 from Ankara, Central Anatolia region; 82 from Tokat, Black Sea region) belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family collected between May-July 2009, were included in the study. Presence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC genes were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and confirmed by gene sequencing. The results of the PCR amplification revealed that 2 isolates were positive for qnrA, 12 isolates were positive for qnrB, 4 isolates were positive for qnrC and 10 isolates were positive for qnrS. However, the number of positive strains decreased with the use of gene sequencing, and this method led to the identification of qnrA1 in two isolates [Enterobacter cloacae (code. 796), Salmonella group B (code. 491)], qnrB1 in two isolates [Salmonella group B (code. 491), Citrobacter freundii (code. 768)], qnrB6 in one isolate [Escherichia coli (code. CC1800)], qnrB9 in one isolate [E.coli (code. CC1873)], qnrB24 in one isolate [Citrobacter koseri (code. MP5200)], qnrB27 in one isolate [C.freundii (code. 842)], qnrS1 in two isolates [E.coli (code. CC1705), E.coli (code.159)] and qnrB2 in one isolate [E.coli (code. 843)]. One of the isolates that carried the qnr gene was ciprofloxacin-resistant and two isolates were nalidixic-acid resistant. Transferable quinolone resistance due to the dissemination of qnr genes may have important impacts in terms of infection control and treatment problems. Survey of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance will help to determine the size of the issue and guide the measures that should be taken to avoid escalation of resistance and dissemination problem.

Özet

1986 yılından beri kullanımda olan florokinolonlar hem gram-pozitif hem de gram-negatif bakterilere etkili ajanlardır. Kinolonlar, DNA giraz ve topoizomeraz IV enziminin inhibisyonu sonucu bakterisidal etki gösterir. Kinolonlara direnç gelişmesinde başlıca mekanizmalar bu enzimlerde meydana gelen kromozomal mutasyonlar ve atım pompaları veya dış zar geçirgenliğinde azalma nedeniyle hücre içinde ilaç birikiminin azalmasıdır. Ancak son yıllarda bu direnç mekanizmalarına ek olarak ortaya çıkan bir mekanizma da plazmid aracılı kinolon direncidir. Bu direnç genleri qnr olarak adlandırılmıştır. Qnr genleri tek başlarına kinolon direncine neden olmasa da kinolon duyarlılığında azalmaya ve minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu değerlerinde artmaya neden olmaktadır. Günümüzde tanımlanmış beş qnr gen bölgesi (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD ve qnrS) mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada plazmid aracılı kinolon direncini saptamak amacıyla, Türkiye’nin dört farklı bölgesinden toplanan Enterobacteriaceae ailesine ait klinik izolatlarda qnrA, qnrB, qnrC ve qnrS genlerinin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya, Mayıs 2009-Temmuz 2009 tarihleri arasında dört farklı merkezden [Trabzon (n= 387), Çanakkale (n= 82), Ankara (n= 96), Tokat (n= 82)] toplanmış olan Enterobacteriaceae ailesine ait 647 bakteriyel izolat dahil edilmiş ve bu suşlarda qnrA, qnrB, qnrC ve qnrS genleri multipleks polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızda, 2 izolatta qnrA, 12 izolatta qnrB, 4 izolatta qnrC ve 10 izolatta qnrS pozitifliği saptanmış ve pozitifliklerin doğrulaması amacıyla dizi analizi yapılmıştır. Dizi analizi sonucunda pozitif izolat sayısı azalmış; iki izolatta qnrA1 [Enterobacter cloacae (kod no. 796), Salmonella grup B (kod no. 491)], iki izolatta qnrB1 [Salmonella grup B (kod no. 491), Citrobacter freundii (kod no. 768)], bir izolatta qnrB6 [Escherichia coli (kod no. CC1800)], bir izolatta qnrB9 [E.coli (kod no. CC1873)], bir izolatta qnrB24 [Citrobacter koseri (kod no. MP5200)], bir izolatta qnrB27 [C.freundii (kod no. 842)], iki izolatta qnrS1 [E.coli (kod no. CC1705), E.coli (kod no.159)] ve bir izolatta qnrB2 [E.coli (kod no. 843)] pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Qnr geni saptanan izolatlardan biri siprofloksasine, ikisi nalidiksik aside dirençli bulunmuştur. Mutasyona bağlı kinolon direncinin klinik suşlar arasında artmasının yanı sıra, aktarılabilir kinolon direncinin yaygınlaşması klinik açısından önemli sonuçlar doğurabilecektir. Bu nedenle aktarılabilen kinolon direncinin izlenmesi ve yayılım oranlarının saptanması, alınacak önlemlerin belirlenmesi için önemlidir.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÇOBAN, A. Y., NOHUT, O. K., ÇAYCI, Y. T., BAYRAMOĞLU, G., PİRİNÇCİLER, M., ÇETİNKAYA, E., ÇEKİÇ, Ç. C., BOZDOĞAN, B., DURUPINAR, B. (2012). Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in enterobacteriaceae: A multicenter study. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 46 - Sayı: 3, 366–374. https://ajindex.com/articles/298639

References (15)

  1. Cattoir V, Nordmann P. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in gram-negative bacterial species: an update. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16(8):1028-46
  2. Ruiz J. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones: target alterations, decreased accumulation and DNA gyrase protection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51(5): 1109-17
  3. Hooper Dc, Strahilevitz J. Quinolones, pp: 487-510. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds), Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 2009, 7th ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia
  4. Wolfson JS, Hooper D. Fluoroquinlone antimicrobial agents. Clin Microb Rev 1989; 2(4): 378-424
  5. Martinez LM, Pascual A, Jacoby GA. Quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid. Lancet 1998; 351(9105): 797-9
  6. Yamane K, Wochino J, Suzuki S, et al. New plasmid-medited quinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate. Antimimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51(9): 3354-60
  7. Herrera-Leon S, Gonzalez-Sanz R, Herrera-Leon L, Echeita MA. Characterization of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carrying plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66(2): 287-90
  8. Garcia-Fulgueiras V, Bado I, Mota MI, et al. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in enterobacterial clinical isolates in the pediatric hospital of Uruguay. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66(8): 1725-9
  9. Cattoir V, Poirel L, Aubert C, Soussy CJ, Nordmann P. Unexpected occurence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in enviromental Aeromonas spp. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14(2): 231-7
  10. Strahilevitz J, Jacoby GA, Hooper D, Robicsek A. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: a multifaceted threat. Clin Microb Rev 2009; 22(4): 664-89
  11. Kim HB, Park CH, Kim CJ, Kim EC, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants over a 9-year period. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53(2): 639-45
  12. Jacoby GA. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41(Suppl 2): S120-6
  13. Poirel L, Rodriguez-Martinez JM, Mammeri H, Liard A, Nordmann P. Origin of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49(8):3523-5
  14. Nazik H, Öngen B. Türkiye’de plazmid aracılı kinolon direnci. ANKEM 2010; 24(1): 46-54
  15. Öktem MA, Biçmen M, Gülay Z. Kan kültürlerinden soyutlanan Enterobacteriaceae izolatlarında plazmid ile ilişkili kinolon direnci genlerinin sapta