Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2013 / Cilt: 47 - Sayı: 1

Identification of a novel lytic bacteriophage obtained from clinical MRSA isolates and evaluation of its antibacterial activity

Klinik MRSA izolatlarından elde edilen yeni bir litik bakteriyofajın tanımlanması ve antibakteriyel etkisinin değerlendirilmesi

Pages
27–34
DOI
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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, since the φLizAnk phage described in this study exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MRSA strains and no cytotoxic effect was detected against mammalian cells, it might be safely used alone or in a phage cocktail to treat skin infection caused by MRSA.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Multidrug-resistant bacteria particularly MRSA is well known as a worldwide problem.
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Key Findings & Data:Since the rate of development of novel antimicrobial agents has been slowed down during the last years, there have been a need for the exploration of alternative solutions for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, since the φLizAnk phage described in this study exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MRSA strains and no cytotoxic effect was detected against mammalian cells, it might be safely used alone or in a phage cocktail to treat skin infection caused by MRSA.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant bacteria particularly MRSA is well known as a worldwide problem. Since the rate of development of novel antimicrobial agents has been slowed down during the last years, there have been a need for the exploration of alternative solutions for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections. Treatment of infections by bacteriophages (phages) that specifically kill the infecting pathogen, i.e. by the process known as phage therapy, is considered as a possible approach to treat multidrug resistant bacteria. Phage treatment has also been considered to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. This study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of a new lytic phage obtained from clinical MRSA strains. This lytic phage named as φ LizAnk was obtained during the phage infectivity studies performed with 13 lysogenic phages against MRSA strains. The antibacterial activity of the φ LizAnk phage was determined in vitro in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) and LB (Leuria Bertani) broths and the in vivo antibacterial activity against MRSA strains and possible cytotoxic effect against mammalian cells were tested on fibroblastic cell cultures (3T3). This study was conducted using 20 MRSA strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Identification of the isolates was performed by conventional methods and methicillin resistance was detected with oxacillin disk diffusion test and mecA gene detection by PCR. The method described by Kaneko et al. [Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997; 61(11): 1960-2] was used with some modifications, for induction and isolation of the phages. In vitro studies indicated that this phage killed the six different MRSA strains (in 107 cfu/ml concentrations) in 8 hours, and this powerful lytic effect was similar in both of the liquid media. In vivo studies were performed by using cell cultures prepared in microplates, and the wells have been inoculated with only phage, phage + MRSA mixture, and only MRSA. The cells were then evaluated microscopically as well as by MTT assay which detected alive cells colorimetrically, at 2nd and 24th hours. In our study, the φ LizAnk phage did not cause any toxic effect on fibroblast cell cultures, in addition it was observed that the antibacterial effect of the phage against MRSA has proceeded in the cell culture. In conclusion, since the φLizAnk phage described in this study exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MRSA strains and no cytotoxic effect was detected against mammalian cells, it might be safely used alone or in a phage cocktail to treat skin infection caused by MRSA.

Özet

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, antibiyotiklerin, özellikle metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suşları olmak üzere, çok ilaca dirençli enfeksiyon etkenleri üzerindeki etkinliklerinin giderek azaldığını bildirmektedir. Son yıllarda, yeni antibiyotik geliştirme çalışmalarının yetersizliği nedeniyle, patojen bakterilere özgül bakteriyofajların (faj) kullanılabileceği alternatif tedavi yöntemleri gündeme gelmiş; faj tedavisi S.aureus enfeksiyonları açısından da önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 20 klinik MRSA izolatından elde edilen 13 lizojenik fajın, farklı MRSA suşlarını enfekte edebilme özelliklerinin araştırılması sırasında tanımlanan yeni bir litik fajın, antibakteriyel ve sitotoksik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. φ LizAnk olarak adlandırdığımız bu fajın, farklı MRSA izolatları üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkisi, BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) ve LB (Leuria Bertani) sıvı besiyerlerinde in vitro koşullarda belirlenmiş; ayrıca fajın MRSA’lara in vivo antibakteriyel etkisi ve memeli hücresine muhtemel sitotoksik etkisi fibroblast hücre kültürleri (3T3) kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, hastanede yatan hastalardan izole edilen 20 MRSA suşu kullanılmış; izolatlar konvansiyonel yöntemlerle tanımlanmış; metisilin direnci ise oksasilin disk difüzyon testi ve PCR ile mecA geni saptanarak belirlenmiştir. MRSA’lardan faj indüksiyonu ve izolasyonu, Kaneko ve arkadaşları [Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997; 61(11): 1960-2] tarafından tanımlanan yöntemde bazı modifikasyonlar yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yaptığımız in vitro deneylerde, φ LizAnk fajının, 107 cfu/ml miktarındaki altı farklı MRSA izolatını sekiz saat içerisinde tamamen ortadan kaldırdığı saptanmış; bu güçlü litik etkinin her iki sıvı besiyerinde de aynı olduğu belirlenmiştir. İn vivo çalışmalarda ise, mikroplaklarda hazırlanan hücre kültürlerini içeren kuyucuklara; sadece faj, faj + MRSA karışımı ve sadece MRSA eklendikten sonra, 2 ve 24. saatte hem mikroskopik hem de canlı hücreleri kolorimetrik olarak saptayabilen MTT yöntemi ile değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda, φ LizAnk fajının fibroblast hücre kültürü üzerinde herhangi bir toksik etkisinin olmadığı görülmüş; aynı zamanda MRSA üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkinin hücre kültürü ortamında da devam ettiği izlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada belirlediğimiz ve φ LizAnk olarak adlandırdığımız fajın, fibroblast hücreler üzerinde sitotoksik etkisinin olmaması ve güçlü antibakteriyel etkileri nedeniyle, özellikle MRSA’lar tarafından oluşturulan yüzeyel deri enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde, tek başına veya faj kokteyli içerisinde sorunsuz olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmüştür.

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Cite This Article

ŞAHİN, F., KARASARTOVA, D., ÖZSAN, T. M., GERÇEKER, D., KIYAN, M. (2013). Identification of a novel lytic bacteriophage obtained from clinical MRSA isolates and evaluation of its antibacterial activity. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 47 - Sayı: 1, 27–34. https://ajindex.com/articles/298601

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