Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2013 / Cilt: 47 - Sayı: 1

Investigation of the presence of disinfectant resistance genes qacA/B in nosocomial methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates and evaluation of their in vitro disinfectant susceptibilities

Hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni olan metisiline dirençli staphylococcus aureus suşlarında qacA/B dezenfektan direnç genlerinin varlığı ve dezenfektanlara in vitro duyarlılıklarının araştırılması

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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It was concluded that the presence of the qacA/B disinfectant resistance genes did not lead to resistance to the disinfectant substances at the concentrations used in clinical practices.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Development of resistance to disinfectant substances in nosocomial microorganisms is an important problem encountered during disinfectant practices.
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Key Findings & Data:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections.
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Conclusion & Impact:It was concluded that the presence of the qacA/B disinfectant resistance genes did not lead to resistance to the disinfectant substances at the concentrations used in clinical practices.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2003 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Development of resistance to disinfectant substances in nosocomial microorganisms is an important problem encountered during disinfectant practices. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections. Besides being resistant to several antimicrobial agents, MRSA strains can also become resistant to some disinfectant substances. Resistance to disinfectant substances may develop due to the misuse of disinfectants. This may either be due to the frequent use of disinfectant substances or use in lower concentrations than recommended. MRSA strains may harbour the qacA/B disinfectant resistance genes that may cause resistance to quarternary ammonium compounds and some cationic disinfectants. These resistance genes are found in plasmids and are responsible for decreased susceptibility or resistance. In this study, a total of 69 nosocomial MRSA strains isolated from clinical specimens in our hospital were tested for disinfectant activity and the presence of qacA/B disinfectant resistance genes in these isolates was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. We determined whether the presence of these genes caused phenotypic resistance to chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride by the use of bactericidal and bacteriostatic tests. For this purpose, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these disinfectants against MRSA isolates were detected by microdilution method with the proposals of CLSI, and bactericidal effects of these disinfectants were also detected by using quantitative suspension test according to EN13727:2003 European Standard. It has been found that 11.6% (8/69) of the isolates harbored qacA/B resistance genes. MIC values for chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride were found in the range of 2-8 μg/ml. Although it was observed that MIC values were higher in five of the qacA/B gene positive isolates, statistically significant difference was not found between gene positive and gene negative groups. Both 1% chlorhexidine and 1% benzalkonium chloride were found bactericidal against the isolates including the ones carrying the qacA/B resistance genes. It was concluded that the presence of the qacA/B disinfectant resistance genes did not lead to resistance to the disinfectant substances at the concentrations used in clinical practices. Furthermore, tested disinfectants still exhibited bactericidal activity even with high MIC values.

Özet

Hastane enfeksiyonlarına neden olan mikroorganizmalarda görülen dezenfektan direnci, dezenfektanların hastanelerde yaygın olarak kullanımı ya da önerilen konsantrasyonların altında kullanılmaları gibi yapılan yanlış uygulamalar sonucu gelişebilmektedir. Önemli bir hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni olan metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiyotiklere olduğu gibi dezenfektanlara karşı da dirençli olabilmekte; kuarterner amonyum bileşikleri ve diğer katyonik dezenfektanlara direnç oluşumundan sorumlu, plazmidlerle taşınan qacA/B genlerini bulundurabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni olan MRSA suşlarında qacA/B direnç genlerinin varlığının araştırılması; bu suşların dezenfektanlara karşı in vitro duyarlılığının incelenmesi ve dezenfektan direnç geni bulunan suşlarda fenotipik direncin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, klinik örneklerden izole edilen 69 nozokomiyal MRSA suşu dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmamızda, hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni olarak kabul edilen MRSA izolatlarının %11.6 (8/69)’sında polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile qacA/B dezenfektan direnç genlerinin varlığı saptanmıştır. Bu genlerin varlığının, fenotipik olarak da dezenfektan direncine yol açıp açmadığı, klorhekzidin ve benzalkonyum klorür gibi dezenfektanlarla bakteriyostatik ve bakterisidal testler yapılarak araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, CLSI önerileri doğrultusunda mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile dezenfektanların minimal inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri belirlenmiş ve ayrıca BS EN 13727:2003 Avrupa standardı doğrultusunda kantitatif süspansiyon testi ile dezenfektanların bakterisidal etkileri araştırılmıştır. İzolatlardaki benzalkonyum klorür ve klorhekzidin MİK değerleri 2-8 μg/ml arasında bulunmuştur. qacA/B geni pozitif bulunan izolatların beş tanesinde MİK değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu (≥ 4 μg/ml) görülmekle beraber, qacA/B geni pozitif (n= 8) ve negatif (n= 61) saptanan gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark izlenmemiştir. Kantitatif süspansiyon testinde, klorhekzidin ve benzalkonyum klorürün her ikisinin de %1’lik klinik kullanım konsantrasyonu, qacA/B direnç geni bulunan ve bulunmayan tüm izolatlara bakterisidal etkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, qacA/B direnç geni taşıyan MRSA izolatlarında, dezenfektanların klinik kullanım konsantrasyonlarında direnç saptanmamış; yüksek MİK değerine sahip olan izolatlar için de bu dezenfektanlar bakterisidal etkili bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla, direnç genlerinin varlığının ve dezenfektanlara karşı artmış MİK değerlerinin klinik anlamda direnç fenotipine yansımadıkları sonucuna varılmıştır.

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Cite This Article

AYKAN, Ş. B., ÇAĞLAR, K., ENGİN, E. D., SİPAHİ, A. B., SULTAN, N., YALINAY, M. Ç. (2013). Investigation of the presence of disinfectant resistance genes qacA/B in nosocomial methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates and evaluation of their in vitro disinfectant susceptibilities. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 47 - Sayı: 1, 1–10. https://ajindex.com/articles/298600

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