Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2015 / Cilt: 49 - Sayı: 2

Investigation of the Effect of Ibuprofen on Wound Healing in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Soft Tissue Infections

Deneysel Staphylococcus aureus Yumuşak Doku Enfeksiyonlarında İbuprofenin Yara İyileşmesi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Araştırılması

Pages
166–180
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The mean value of serum IL-6 on the fi rst day in group B was determined to be higher compared to other groups, and when this difference was compared to groups BI and BA, and the control group, it was found statistically signifi cant (p< 0.05).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Soft tissue infections (STIs) occur as a result of the colonization of pathogenic bacteria upon the destruction of normal skin microbial fl ora and the skin integrity.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 120 female Balb/c mice were used in the study and the mice were assigned to four test groups and two control groups.
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Conclusion & Impact:The mean value of serum IL-6 on the fi rst day in group B was determined to be higher compared to other groups, and when this difference was compared to groups BI and BA, and the control group, it was found statistically signifi cant (p< 0.05).
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Soft tissue infections (STIs) occur as a result of the colonization of pathogenic bacteria upon the destruction of normal skin microbial fl ora and the skin integrity. Streptococci and staphylococci are the most frequent causes of bacterial STIs. Non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are often used in STIs because of their analgesic and antipyretic effects. However, evidence suggests that these drugs might delay both epithelization and angiogenesis in the early phases of wound healing because of an antiproliferative effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on the wound healing in STIs caused by Staphylococcus aureus in immunosuppressed mice. A total of 120 female Balb/c mice were used in the study and the mice were assigned to four test groups and two control groups. The test groups were defi ned as follows; B (Bacteria group, n= 23), BI (Bacteria + Ibuprofen group, n= 23), BA (Bacteria + Ampicillin group, n= 23), BIA (Bacteria + Ampicillin + Ibuprofen group, n= 21); and the control groups were defi ned as follows; S1B2 (only immunosuppressed controls, n= 15) and S2B2 (Sham group). Immunosupression was induced with cyclophosphamide and the experimental infection was generated by subcutaneous inoculation of bacterial suspension (2 x 108 cfu/ml) of methicillin-sensitive S.aureus ATCC 25923 to the right hind leg. Ibuprofen was given to the mice by gastric gavage (50 mg/kg/day), and ampicillin (100 mg/kg/day) by intramuscular injection. Wound sizes that appear in the animals were measured on a daily basis. Serum and tissue (epithelial tissue, connective tissue, sebaceous glands, sweat glands) samples were obtained on the fi rst, third and seventh days. The tissue samples were examined histopathologically by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-&#945; and VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) levels were determined in serum samples by ELISA method. The tissue cytokine reactions were also evaluated by immunohistochemical (immunoperoxidase staining) method in tissue samples. In our study, no signifi cant change was detected in the wound sizes of B and BI groups from the second day to the end of study period (p> 0.05). On the other hand the wound dimensions of BA and BIA groups gradually decreased and remained superfi cial. The average serum levels of TNF-&#945; and IL-1 was detected low in all groups. The mean value of serum IL-6 on the fi rst day in group B was determined to be higher compared to other groups, and when this difference was compared to groups BI and BA, and the control group, it was found statistically signifi cant (p< 0.05). In addition, the VEGF levels which were detected low in all groups in the third day of infection increased signifi cantly at the seventh day. The results of histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies have supported the results of ELISA and yielded similar results with serum cytokine patterns. In conclusion, our data indicated that ibuprofen has no negative effect on the wound healing in soft-tissue infections caused by S.aureus.

Özet

Yumuşak doku enfeksiyonları (YDE), normal deri fl orası ve deri bütünlüğünün bozulduğu durumlarda patojen bakterilerin kolonizasyonu sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bakteriyel YDE’nın çoğundan streptokok ve stafi lokoklar sorumludur. İbuprofen gibi steroid olmayan antiinfl amatuvar ilaçlar, analjezik ve antipiretik etkileri nedeniyle YDE’nda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bazı çalışmalarda, bu ilaçların antiproliferatif etkileri nedeniyle yara iyileşmesinin erken döneminde epitelizasyon ve anjiyogenezi geciktirdiği bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, immünosüpresif farelerde Staphylococcus aureus ile oluşturulan YDE’nda, ibuprofenin yara iyileşmesi üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 120 adet dişi Balb/c faresi kullanılmış; dört deney ve iki kontrol grubu oluşturulmuştur. Deney grupları; B (Bakteri grubu, n= 23), Bİ (Bakteri + İbuprofen grubu, n= 23), BA (Bakteri + Ampisilin grubu, n= 23) ve BİA (Bakteri + İbuprofen + Ampisilin grubu, n= 21) olarak; kontrol grupları ise, S1B2 (sadece immün süpresyon yapılan grup, n= 15) ve S2B2 (Hiçbir işlem yapılmayan grup, n= 15) olarak belirlenmiştir. Farelerde immün süpresyon siklofosfamid uygulaması ile yapılmış; enfeksiyon ise metisiline duyarlı S.aureus ATCC 25923 bakteri süspansiyonunun (2 x 108 cfu/ml) sağ arka bacaktan subkütan yolla verilmesi ile oluşturulmuştur. İbuprofen farelere gastrik gavaj yoluyla (50 mg/kg/gün), ampisilin ise intramusküler yoldan (100 mg/kg/gün) uygulanmıştır. Hayvanlarda oluşan yara boyutları günlük olarak ölçülmüş ve birinci, üçüncü ve yedinci günlerde doku (epitel tabaka, bağ dokusu, sebase bezleri, ter bezleri) ve serum örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan doku örnekleri hematoksilen-eozin (HE) boyama yöntemiyle histopatolojik olarak incelenmiş; serum örneklerinde IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α ve VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) düzeyleri ELISA yöntemiyle belirlenmiş ve ayrıca doku sitokin reaksiyonları immünohistokimyasal olarak (immünoperoksidaz boyama ile) değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, B ve Bİ gruplarının yara boyutlarında, ikinci günden çalışmanın sonuna kadar belirgin bir değişim görülmemiştir (p> 0.05). BA ve BİA gruplarında ise yara boyutları her gün kademeli olarak küçülmüş ve yüzeyel kalmıştır. TNF-α ve IL-1 ortalama serum düzeyleri tüm gruplarda düşük bulunmuştur. Serum IL-6 ortalama değeri, B grubunda ilk günde diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek saptanmış ve bu fark Bİ ve BA grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p< 0.05). Ayrıca üçüncü gün tüm gruplarda düşük bulunan serum VEGF değerleri, yedinci gün belirgin olarak artmıştır. Doku örneklerinin histopatolojik ve immünohistokimyasal değerlendirme sonuçları da ELISA sonuçlarını desteklemiş ve serum sitokin paternleri ile benzer reaksiyon vermiştir. Sonuç olarak çalışmamızın verileri, S.aureus’un neden olduğu deneysel yumuşak doku enfeksiyonlarında ibuprofenin yara iyileşmesi üzerine hiçbir olumsuz etkisinin bulunmadığını göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

ÇİTİL, M. U., METE, E., OĞUZ, E., ABBAN, G. M., SAHİN, B., KALELİ, İ. (2015). Investigation of the Effect of Ibuprofen on Wound Healing in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Soft Tissue Infections. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 49 - Sayı: 2, 166–180. https://ajindex.com/articles/298452

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