Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2016 / Cilt: 4 - Sayı: 51

A Rare and Mortal Infection Agent in Patients With Hematological Malignancies: Saprochaete capitata

Hematolojik Maligniteli Hastalarda Nadir ve Mortal Bir Enfeksiyon Etkeni: Saprochaete capitata

Pages
613–620
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, S.capitata should be considered as an infection agent with high mortality risk in the neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies, especially in the presence of persistent fever during the use of caspofungin.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Saprochaete capitata (formerly known as Geotrichum capitatum and Blastoschizomyces capitatus) is a rare invasive fungal agent that may lead to mortal clinical course in patients with hematological malignancies.
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Key Findings & Data:In the first patient, there were no significant findings except the chronic inflammation observed in the biopsies which was performed for the symptoms of lymphadenitis, myositis, and hepatosplenic candidiasis.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, S.capitata should be considered as an infection agent with high mortality risk in the neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies, especially in the presence of persistent fever during the use of caspofungin.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Saprochaete capitata (formerly known as Geotrichum capitatum and Blastoschizomyces capitatus) is a rare invasive fungal agent that may lead to mortal clinical course in patients with hematological malignancies. This agent can be colonized in skin, lungs and intestines, and it can cause major opportunistic infections. Invasive systemic infections due to S.capitata have been reported in immunosuppressed patients. In this report, two patients with invasive S.capitata infections detected during the course of persistent neutropenic fever in acute leukemia, were presented. In both cases empirical caspofungin was added to the treatment, as no response was obtained by board-spectrum antibacterial therapy in neutropenic fever. In the first patient, there were no significant findings except the chronic inflammation observed in the biopsies which was performed for the symptoms of lymphadenitis, myositis, and hepatosplenic candidiasis. While persistent fever was on going, S.capitata was isolated from the blood and catheter cultures. There was no response after catheter removing and the introduction of amphotericin B and voriconazole therapy, therefore allogeneic stem cell transplantation plan for the second time for bone marrow aplasia was taken an earlier time. However, the patient died due to progressive pericardial and pleural effusion and multiorgan failure, although an afebrile process after stem cell transplantation could be obtained. Similarly the second patient had persistent fever despite empirical caspofungin treatment. The additional symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain and subileus have indicated an intraabdominal infection. During the follow up, S.capitata was isolated from the blood and catheter cultures. Catheter was removed and amphotericin B was initiated. No response was obtained, and voriconazole was added to treatment. Despite of an afebrile and culture-negative period, the patient died as a result of Acinetobacter sepsis and multiorgan failure. Minimal inhibitory concentration values for both of the Saprochete strains were found as 0.25 µg/ml for amfoterisin B, 1 µg/ml for flukonazol, 0.125 µg/ml for vorikonazol and 0.25 µg/ml for itrakonazol. Virulence model was created by injecting the isolates to the Galleria mellonella larvae, and the life cycle of the larvae were determined. The observation revealed that the infected larvae began to die on the second day and there was no live larvae remained on the eleventh day. In conclusion, S.capitata should be considered as an infection agent with high mortality risk in the neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies, especially in the presence of persistent fever during the use of caspofungin.

Özet

Saprochaeta capitata (eski adı Geotrichum capitatum ve Blastoschizomyces capitatus), hematolojik maligniteli hastalarda mortal klinik seyre neden olabilen nadir bir invazif mantar enfeksiyonu etkenidir. Cilt, akciğer ve bağırsaklarda kolonize olarak bulunabilen bu etken, önemli fırsatçı enfeksiyonlara yol açabilir. İmmün sistemi baskılanmış hastalarda S.capitata'ya bağlı invazif sistemik enfeksiyonlar bildirilmiştir. Bu raporda, akut lösemi tanılı iki olguda, dirençli nötropenik ateş seyri sırasında saptanan invazif S.capitata enfeksiyonu sunulmaktadır. Her iki hastada da, nötropenik ateş atağında geniş spektrumlu antibakteriyel tedaviye yanıt alınamamış ve ampirik kaspofungin tedaviye eklenmiştir. İlk hastada; lenfadenit, miyozit ve hepatosplenik kandidoz bulguları nedeniyle yapılan biyopsilerde, kronik inflamasyon dışında bulgu saptanmamıştır. Dirençli ateş devam ederken, hastanın kan ve kateter kültürlerinde S.capitata üremesi olmuştur. Hastanın kateteri çekilerek amfoterisin B ve vorikonozol tedavisine geçilmiş; bu tedaviye yanıt alınamayınca, mevcut kemik iliği aplazisi için ikinci kez allojenik kök hücre nakli planı erkene çekilmiştir. Kök hücre nakli sonrası ateşsiz bir süreç elde edilebilmesine karşın, ilerleyen perikardiyal ve plevral efüzyonlar ve çoklu organ yetmezliği sonucu hasta kaybedilmiştir. İkinci hastada da benzer olarak, ampirik kaspofungin tedavisi altında dirençli ateş gelişmiştir. Ek olarak saptanan ishal, karın ağrısı ve subileus bulguları, enfeksiyonun karın içinde olduğuna işaret etmiştir. İzleminde, hastanın kan ve kateter kültüründe S.capitata üremiştir. Kateteri çekilerek amfoterisin B tedavisine geçilmiş, yanıt alınamayınca vorikanozol eklenmiştir. Ateşsiz ve kültür negatif bir süreç elde edilmesine karşın, Acinetobacter sepsisi ve çoklu organ yetmezliği sonucunda hasta kaybedilmiştir. Her iki hastadan izole edilen Saprochaete kökenlerinin de minimal inhibitör konsantrasyon değerleri; amfoterisin B için 0.25 µg/ml, flukonazol için 1 µg/ml, vorikonazol için 0.125 µg/ml ve itrakonazol için 0.25 µg/ml olarak bulunmuştur. İzolatlar Galleria mellonella larvalarına enjekte edilerek virülans modeli oluşturulmuş ve larvaların yaşam eğrileri elde edilmiştir. Enfekte edilen larvaların ikinci günden itibaren öldüğü, 11. günde canlı larva kalmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, hematolojik maligniteli nötropenik hastalarda, özellikle de kaspofungin kullanımı sırasında dirençli ateş varlığında S.capitata'nın enfeksiyon etkeni olabileceği ve yüksek mortalite riski akılda bulundurulmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

AYDIN, L. K., ÖZKURT, Z. N., ÜLKÜDEN, B., TUNÇCAN, Ö. G., AYGENCEL, G., AKYÜREK, N., KALKANCI, A. (2016). A Rare and Mortal Infection Agent in Patients With Hematological Malignancies: Saprochaete capitata. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 4 - Sayı: 51, 613–620. https://ajindex.com/articles/298446

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