Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2016 / Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 1

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in Northern Cyprus

Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta Hepatit B Virusunun Moleküler Epidemiyolojisi

Pages
86–93
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, although Northern Cyprus is an island country the heterogeneous distribution of HBV genotype/subgenotype may be contributed to the cosmopolitan characteristics of various populations from different countries who have come here for education, work or touristic purposes

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Identifi cation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains and understanding of molecular epidemiological characteristics are important for the effective surveillance of HBV infections.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 160 cases (1.2%) who were HBsAg seropositive out of 13.892 subjects admitted to Nicosia, Near East University Hospital microbiology laboratory for the routine control and to blood center for donor screening tests between November 2011 to September 2014, were included in the study.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, although Northern Cyprus is an island country the heterogeneous distribution of HBV genotype/subgenotype may be contributed to the cosmopolitan characteristics of various populations from different countries who have come here for education, work or touristic purposes
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2011 · 100 samples
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Identifi cation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains and understanding of molecular epidemiological characteristics are important for the effective surveillance of HBV infections. Genotype D is dominant in studies performed in Turkey but it is known that cases infected with genotypes A, E, G and H also exists. In contrast, there are no data regarding the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of the HBV in Northern Cyprus. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of genotypes and subgenotypes of HBV among the people living, educating and working in Northern Cyprus. A total of 160 cases (1.2%) who were HBsAg seropositive out of 13.892 subjects admitted to Nicosia, Near East University Hospital microbiology laboratory for the routine control and to blood center for donor screening tests between November 2011 to September 2014, were included in the study. HBV-DNA levels in the HBsAg positive cases were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotypes/subgenotypes were determined by sequence analysis of the viral pol gene (reverse transcriptase [rt] region, between 80-250. aminoacids). Sixty samples (60/160, 37.5%) were excluded from sequencing analysis due to negative and/or very low (< 30 IU/ml) HBV-DNA levels, so 100 samples were included in sequence analysis. Ninety-six of those cases (13 female, 87 male; mean age: 35.51 ± 12.88 years) were anti-HBc IgG, 95 were anti-HBe and fi ve were HBeAg positive, with a mean HBV-DNA level of 5.36 x 106 ± 3.58 x 107 IU/ml. As 32 (32%) samples yielded HBVDNA level below the threshold of 1000 IU/ml, sequence analyses were unsuccesful, eventually 68 (68/160, 42.5%) samples could be phylogenetically analyzed. The distribution of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes were found as follows: 48 were (70.6%) D/D1; four were (5.9%) D/D2; one was (1.5%) D/D3, fi ve were (7.4%) A/A1, two were (2.9%) A/A2 and eight were (11.8%) genotype E. Among the most frequent D1 strains, 60.4% (29/48) cases were from Turkish; single D/D3 strain from Benguela (Angola) and all eight genotype E strains were from Nigerian national cases. According to the data of this fi rst study performed in TRNC on this subject, genotype D is dominant (53/68, 78%) in Northern Cyprus and consistent with the subgenotype distribution that is similar to Turkey and mediterranean basin. The prevalences of genotype A (7/68, 10.3%) and E (8/68, 11.8%) were also remarkable. In conclusion, although Northern Cyprus is an island country the heterogeneous distribution of HBV genotype/subgenotype may be contributed to the cosmopolitan characteristics of various populations from different countries who have come here for education, work or touristic purposes

Özet

Hepatit B virusu (HBV) enfeksiyonlarında etkin bir sürveyans için, dolaşımdaki HBV suşlarının tanımlanması ve moleküler epidemiyolojik özelliklerinin bilinmesi önemlidir. Türkiye'de yapılan çalışmalarda, genotip D'nin baskın olduğu, ancak genotip A, E, G ve H ile enfekte olguların da bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Buna karşın Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta HBV'nin moleküler epidemiyolojik özellikleri ile ilgili veri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta yaşayan, okuyan ve çalışan kişilerde HBV genotip/alt genotip dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Kasım 2011-Eylül 2014 tarihleri arasında Lefkoşa, Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Hastanesi mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına rutin kontrol ve kan merkezine donör tarama testleri için başvuran 13.892 kişiden, HBsAg pozitif bulunan 160 (%1.2) kişi dahil edilmiştir. HBsAg pozitifl iği saptanan serum örneklerinde HBV-DNA düzeyi, gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile araştırılmış ve HBV genotip/alt genotipleri, viral pol geninin (ters transkriptaz [rt] bölgesi, 80-250. aminoasitler arası) dizilenmesiyle belirlenmiştir. Altmış olgu (60/160, %37.5), negatif ya da çok düşük (< 30 IU/ml) viral yük nedeniyle dizilemeye alınmamış; 100 örneğe dizi analizi uygulanmıştır. Bu olguların (13 kadın, 87 erkek; yaş ortalaması: 35.51 ± 12.88 yıl) 96'sı anti-HBc IgG, 95'i anti-HBe ve beşi HBeAg pozitif olup, ortalama HBV-DNA düzeyleri 5.36 x 106 ± 3.58x107 IU/ml'dir. Analiz edilen örneklerin 32'sinde (%32), viral yük 1000 IU/ml eşiğinin altında olduğundan dizileme işlemi başarılı bulunmamış; sonuçta 68 (68/160, %42.5) örnek fi logenetik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre HBV genotip/alt genotiplerinin dağılımı; 48'inin (%70.6) D/D1; dördünün (%5.9) D/D2; birinin (%1.5) D/D3, beşinin (%7.4) A/A1, ikisinin (%2.9) A/A2 ve sekizinin (%11.8) genotip E olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. En sık saptanan D1 suşlarından %60.4'ünün (29/48) Türkiye uyruklu; tek D/D3 suşunun Benguela (Angola) uyruklu; tüm sekiz genotip E suşunun da Nijerya uyruklu olgularda bulunduğu izlenmiştir. KKTC'de bu kapsamda yapılmış ilk çalışma olan araştırmamızın verilerine göre, Kuzey Kıbrıs bölgesinde HBV genotip D baskındır (53/68, %78) ve alt genotip dağılımı ile birlikte Türkiye ve Akdeniz havzası özelliği ile uyumlu görünmektedir. Genotip A (7/68, %10.3) ve E (8/68, %11.8) ise dikkat çekici prevalansa sahiptir. Bir ada ülkesi olmasına rağmen Kuzey Kıbrıs'ta HBV genotip/alt genotip dağılımının heterojen bir özellik göstermesi, birçok ülkeden buraya eğitim, çalışma ve turistik amaçla gelen farklı popülasyonlara ve adanın kozmopolit yapısına bağlanabilir

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Cite This Article

ARIKAN, A., ŞANLIDAĞ, T., SÜER, K., SAYAN, M., AKÇALI, S., GÜLER, E. (2016). Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in Northern Cyprus. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 1, 86–93. https://ajindex.com/articles/298422

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