Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2016 / Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 2

Monitoring of Cytomegalovirus-Specifi c CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses by Cytokine Flow Cytometry in Renal Transplant Recipients

Böbrek Nakil Hastalarında Sitomegalovirusa Özgül CD4 ve CD8+ T Hücre Yanıtının Sitokin Akım Sitometri Yöntemiyle İzlemi

Pages
224–235
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, our results suggested that pretransplant and posttransplant monitoring of CMV-specifi c T-cell responses might be helpful as well as viral load in the clinical management of CMV infection in SOT patients

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In spite of the improvements in the clinical management of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients provided by immunosuppresion and universal prophylaxis, human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections continue to be one of the most leading causes of morbidity and mortality.
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Key Findings & Data:Therefore, monitoring of CMV-specifi c T-cell response can be used to predict individuals at increased risk of CMV disease.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, our results suggested that pretransplant and posttransplant monitoring of CMV-specifi c T-cell responses might be helpful as well as viral load in the clinical management of CMV infection in SOT patients
🔬Design:Lab & Field Experiment
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In spite of the improvements in the clinical management of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients provided by immunosuppresion and universal prophylaxis, human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections continue to be one of the most leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Cell-mediated immunity specifi c to CMV (CMV-CMI) plays an important role in the control of CMV replication. Therefore, monitoring of CMV-specifi c T-cell response can be used to predict individuals at increased risk of CMV disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of CMV-specifi c interferon (IFN)-? producing CD4+ and CD8+T cells in kidney transplant recipients before and after the transplantation, by cytokine fl ow cytometry. A total of 21 kidney transplant recipients (14 male, 7 female; age range: 18-66 years, mean age: 34.5 ± 9.9) who were all CMV seropositive have been evaluated in the study. Blood samples from the patients were obtained before and at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months after transplantation. CMV seropositive healthy kidney donors (n= 20) constituted the control group. The main stages of our procedure were as follows; isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from whole blood, freezing and storing of the samples, later on thawing the samples, ex vivo stimulation of lymphocytes with pooled CMV peptides and counting CMVspecifi c IFN-? producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by fl ow cytometry following surface and intracellular cytokine staining. Monitoring of the viral load (CMV-DNA) was performed in 10 days intervals in the fi rst 3 months followed by 3 week intervals until 6 months using COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan CMV test system (Roche Diagnostics, USA). The frequencies of pretransplant CMV-specifi c IFN-? producing CD8+T cells in patient (3.53 ± 4.35/?l) and control (4.52 ± 5.17/?l) groups were not statistically different (p= 0.266). The difference between the number of virus-specifi c CD4+ T cells in patients (8.84 ± 9.56/?l) and those in the control group (8.23 ± 11.98/?l) was at the borderline of signifi cance (p= 0.057). The age and gender of the patients and type of antiviral prophylaxis protocols [valgancyclovir (n= 4); valacyclovir (n= 17)] did not have any signifi cant effect on CMV-CMI (p> 0.05). Similarly, induction therapy administered to four patients did not show any effect on CMV-CMI (p> 0.05). CMV-specifi c immune responses of patients who received different immunosuppression protocols [tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + steroid (n= 17); cyclosporine + MMF + steroid (n= 2); mTOR inhibitor + MMF + steroid (n= 2)] were not different (p> 0.05). The number of CMV-specifi c CD4+ T cells in all patients were signifi cantly decreased in the 3rd month compared to the 1st month after the transplantation (p=0.003), indicating a relationship with the period of immunosuppressive therapy. In one of the patients who did not have CMV-specifi c CD4+ T-cell response but had cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+ T= 0.6%) before transplantation, CD4+ T-cell response have developed during monitorization (1.4%, 1.5% and 0.5% in 1st, 3rd and 6th months, respectively), and no viral reactivation was detected. Out of the two patients who had no CD4+ and CD8+ Tcell response in the 3rd month, one of them developed low level viremia (150 copies/ml) in the 6th month. In this patient the level of CMV-CMI in the 6th month (CD4+T + CD8+T= 0.9%), have reached higher values than the values obtained before the transplantation (CD4+ T + CD8+ T= 0.5%). The viremia was cleared spontaneously in this patient and no antiviral therapy was required. In conclusion, our results suggested that pretransplant and posttransplant monitoring of CMV-specifi c T-cell responses might be helpful as well as viral load in the clinical management of CMV infection in SOT patients

Özet

Solid organ transplant (SOT) alıcılarında, immün süpresyon ve geniş çaplı profi laksinin sağladığı klinik iyileşmeye rağmen, insan sitomegalovirus enfeksiyonu (CMV) morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli nedenlerinden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. CMV replikasyonunun kontrolünde hücresel immün yanıt önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. CMV'ye özgül T hücre yanıtının izlemi, CMV hastalığı gelişme riski yüksek olan bireyleri önceden belirlemede kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, böbrek transplant alıcılarında, nakil öncesi ve sonrası, CMV'ye özgül interferon (IFN)-? üreten CD4+ ve CD8+ T lenfosit düzeylerinin sitokin akım sitometri yöntemiyle araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, CMV seropozitif 21 böbrek transplant alıcısı (14 erkek, 7 kadın; yaş aralığı: 18-66 yıl, ortalama yaş: 34.5 ± 9.9) değerlendirilmiş; nakilden önce ve nakilden sonraki 1., 3. ve 6. aylarda olgulardan kan örnekleri alınmıştır. CMV seropozitif sağlıklı böbrek vericileri (n= 20) ise kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Uygulanan prosedürün ana basamakları; tam kandan periferik kan mononükleer hücrelerinin izolasyonu, örneklerin dondurulması ve saklanması, daha sonra örneklerin çözdürülmesi, CMV peptid havuzu kullanarak lenfositlerin ex vivo uyarımı, son olarak da yüzey ve hücre içi boyamalardan sonra CMV'ye özgül IFN-? üreten CD4+ ve CD8+ T hücrelerinin akım sitometri yöntemiyle sayılmasıdır. Hastalarda viral yük (CMV-DNA) izlemi, ilk 3 ayda 10 günlük aralarla, takiben 6. aya dek 3 haftada bir COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan CMV test sistemi (Roche Diagnostics, ABD) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Hastaların transplantasyon öncesi CMV'ye özgül IFN-? üreten CD8+ T hücre sayısı (3.53 ± 4.35/?l) kontrol grubundakinden (4.52 ± 5.17/?l) farklı bulunmamıştır (p= 0.266). Hasta ve kontrol grubunun CMV'ye özgül CD4+ T hücre sayıları ise sırasıyla; 8.84 ± 9.56/?l ve 8.23 ± 11.98/?l olarak bulunmuş, aradaki fark anlamlılık düzeyinde sınırda sonuç vermiştir (p= 0.057). Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti ve uygulanan antiviral profi laksi protokollerinin [valgansiklovir (n= 4); valasiklovir (n= 17)], CMV'ye özgül hücresel immünite (CMV-Hİ) üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamıştır (p> 0.05). Dört hastaya uygulanan indüksiyon tedavisinin CMV-Hİ'yi etkilemediği belirlenmiştir (p> 0.05). Farklı immün süpresyon protokolleri uygulanan [takrolimus + mikofenolat mofetil (MMF) + steroid (n= 17); siklosporin + MMF + steroid (n= 2); mTOR inhibitör + MMF + steroid (n= 2)] hastaların CMV'ye özgül immün yanıtları arasında da farklılık gözlenmemiştir (p> 0.05). Tüm hastalarda, CMV'ye özgül CD4+ T hücre sayısının, nakil sonrası 3. ayda, 1. aya göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu belirlenmiş (p= 0.003), bu durumun immün süpresif tedavinin süresiyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmüştür. Hastalardan birinde, nakil öncesinde virusa özgül sitotoksik T hücrelerinin (CD8+ T = %0.6) varlığına rağmen, özgül CD4+ T hücre yanıtının olmadığı saptanmış; bu hastada izlem sırasında CD4+ T hücre yanıtının geliştiği (1., 3. ve 6. aylarda sırasıyla; %1.4, %1.5 ve %0.5) ve reaktivasyonun olmadığı görülmüştür. İki hastada ise nakil sonrası 3. ayda CMV'ye özgül CD4+ ve CD8+ T hücreleri saptanmamış; bunların birinde 6. ayda düşük düzeyde viremi (150 kopya/ml) ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu hastada, nakil sonrası 6. aydaki CMV-Hİ düzeyinin (CD4+T + CD8+ T= %0.9), nakil öncesinden (CD4+ T + CD8+ T= %0.5) daha yüksek düzeye ulaştığı izlenmiş; hastada viremi kendiliğinden temizlenmiş ve antiviral tedavi gerekmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, SOT hastalarında transplantasyon öncesi ve sonrası süreçte, viral yük izleminin yanı sıra, CMV'ye özgül T hücre yanıtı izleminin, CMV hastalığının kontrolünde yararlı olacağı düşünülmüştür

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Cite This Article

KILINÇKAYA, H. D., MUTLU, E., KÖKSOY, S., YILMAZ, V. T., KOÇAK, H., ÇOLAK, D., MUTLU, D., GÜNSEREN, F., DİNÇKAN, A., ALİOSMANOĞLU, İ., SÜLEYMANLAR, G., GÜLTEKİN, M. (2016). Monitoring of Cytomegalovirus-Specifi c CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses by Cytokine Flow Cytometry in Renal Transplant Recipients. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 50 - Sayı: 2, 224–235. https://ajindex.com/articles/298406

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