Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2017 / Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 1

Investigation of Biofilm Formation Properties of Staphylococcus Isolates

Stafilokok İzolatlarının Biyofilm Oluşturma Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

Pages
10–19
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It is concluded that; as the biofilm formation capacity of invasive isolates can cause refractory infections and the importance of carriage and hospital infections of these bacteria, it is important to prevent the spread of these isolates.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Biofilm production is an important virulence factor which allows staphylococci to adhere to medical devices.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The principal component of biofilm is a "polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA)" which is composed of a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine polymer synthesized by an enzyme (N-acetylglucosamine transferase) encoded by the ica operon found on the bacterial chromosome.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It is concluded that; as the biofilm formation capacity of invasive isolates can cause refractory infections and the importance of carriage and hospital infections of these bacteria, it is important to prevent the spread of these isolates.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Biofilm production is an important virulence factor which allows staphylococci to adhere to medical devices. The principal component of biofilm is a "polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA)" which is composed of a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine polymer synthesized by an enzyme (N-acetylglucosamine transferase) encoded by the ica operon found on the bacterial chromosome. This operon is composed of four genes (A, B, C, and D), and a transposable element IS256. In this study, we aimed to determine the biofilm production characteristics of invasive/non-invasive staphylococcus isolates and different staphylococcus species. Biofilm production of 166 staphylococci was phenotypically investigated on Congo Red Agar (CRA); the presence of icaA, icaD and IS256 genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 74 of the isolates (44.6%) were identified as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 25 (15.1%) as methicillin sensitive S.aureus (MSSA), 25 (37.3%) as Staphylococcus hominis, 20 (12%) as S.epidermidis, ten (15%) as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, nine (13.4%) as Staphylococcus capitis, two (3%) Staphylococcus saprophyticus and one (1.5%) as Staphylococcus warnerii. Of the MRSA strains, 52 were isolated from blood and 22 from nose; all MSSA strains were isolated from nose cultures. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains were composed of invasive and non-invasive strains isolated from nose, catheter tip and blood cultures from patients with catheter. Production with CRA method was found to be statistically significant in invasive isolates (p< 0.001). It is concluded that; as the biofilm formation capacity of invasive isolates can cause refractory infections and the importance of carriage and hospital infections of these bacteria, it is important to prevent the spread of these isolates. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for the investigation of biofilm formation in staphylococci. 40.3% of the CoNS isolates, and 85.8% of S.aureus isolates produced biofilm on CRA (p< 0.001) and with PCR method the ratio of carrying three genes was found to be statistically important in S.aureus when compared with CoNS. Carriage of three genes and biofilm.

Özet

Biyofilm üretimi, stafilokların tıbbi cihazlara yapışmasını sağlayan önemli bir virülans faktörüdür. Biyofilmin temel bileşenini oluşturan madde olan polisakkarit yapıdan oluşan interselüler adezin (PİA), bakteriyel kromozom üzerinde bulunan ica operonu tarafından kodlanan bir enzim (N-asetilglikozamin transferaz) tarafından sentezlenen beta-1,6-N-asetilglukozamin polimerlerinden oluşmaktadır. ica operonu dört gen (A, B, C ve D) ve transpoze olabilen IS256'yı içermektedir. Bu çalışmada; farklı türlere ait invaziv ve invaziv olmayan stafilokok izolatlarının biyofilm oluşturma yetenekleri arasında fark olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Stafilokok izolatlarının (n= 166) biyofilm oluşturma özelliği Kongo kırmızısı agar (KKA) besiyerinde fenotipik olarak değerlendirilmiş; icaA, icaD ve IS256 genlerinin varlığı polimeraz zincir reaksiyon (PCR) yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Stafilokok izolatlarının %44.6 (74)'sı metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), %15.1 (25)'i metisiline duyarlı S.aureus (MSSA), %37.3 (25)'ü Staphylococcus hominis, %12 (20)'si Staphylococcus epidermidis, %15 (10)'i Staphylococcus haemolyticus, %13.4 (9)'ü Staphylococcus capitis, %3 (2)'ü Staphylococcus saprophyticus ve %1.5 (1)'i Staphylococcus warnerii olarak tiplendirilmiştir. MRSA izolatlarının 52'si kan, 22'si burun; MSSA izolatlarının ise tümü burun kültürlerinden izole edilmiştir. Koagülaz-negatif stafilokoklar (KNS) burun, santral venöz kateter ucu, kateteri olan hastaların kan kültürlerinden izole edilen invaziv olan ve invaziv olmayan izolatlardan oluşmuştur. Çalışmamızda KNS ve S.aureus izolatlarının KKA besiyerinde biyofilm oluşturma oranları arasında anlamlı fark saptanırken (sırasıyla %40.3; %85.8, p< 0.001), PCR ile de S.aureus izolatlarının araştırılan her üç geni de taşıma oranları KNS'lere göre ististiksel olarak anlamlı oranda yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla %78.8; %11.9, p< 0.001). Ayrıca invaziv izolatların invaziv olmayan izolatlara göre hem KKA besiyeri yönteminde biyofilm oluşturma, hem de araştırılan her üç geni birlikte taşıma oranlarının yüksekliği istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p< 0.001). İnvaziv olan örneklerin biyofilm oluşturma potansiyellerinin yüksekliğinin tedavisi güç enfeksiyonlara yol açabileceği, taşıyıcılığın ve hastane enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesi açısından da bu izolatların yayılımının önüne geçilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca stafilokoklarda biyofilm oluşumunun gösterilmesinde fenotipik ve genotipik testlerin birlikte kullanılmasının daha uygun olacağını önermekteyiz.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÖCAL, D. N., DOLAPÇI, G. İ., KARAHAN, Z. C., TEKELİ, F. A. (2017). Investigation of Biofilm Formation Properties of Staphylococcus Isolates. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 1, 10–19. https://ajindex.com/articles/298382

References (12)

  1. Arciola CR, Baldassarri L, Montanaro L. Presence of icaA and icaD genes and slime production in collection of staphylococcal strains from catheter-associated infections. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39(6): 2151-6
  2. Götz F. Staphylococcus and biofilms. Mol Microbiol 2002; 43(6): 1367-78
  3. Ishak MA, Gröschel DH, Mandell GL, Wenzel RP. Association of slime with pathogenicity of coagulasenegative staphylococci causing nosocomial septicemia. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22(6): 1025-9
  4. Asai K, Yamada K, Yagi T, Baba H, Kawamura I, Ohta M. Effect of incubation atmosphere on the production and composition of staphylococcal biofilms J Infect Chemother 2015; 21(1): 55-61
  5. Cramton SE, Gerke C. The intercellular adhesion (ica) locus is present in Staphylococcus aureus and is required for biofilm formation. Infect Immun 1999; 67(10): 5427-33
  6. Fredheim EG, Klingenberg C, Rohde H, et al. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus haemolyticus. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47(4): 1172-80
  7. De Allori MC, Jure MA, Romero C, de Castillo ME. Antimicrobial resistance and production of biofilms in clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29(8): 1592-6
  8. Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Younger JJ, et al. Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22(6): 996-1006
  9. Arciola CR, Collomati S, Donati E, Montanoro L. A rapid PCR method for the detection of slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus in periprosthesis infections. Diagn Mol Pathol 2001; 10(2): 130-7
  10. Ziebuhr W, Krimmer V, Rachid S, Lössner I, Götz F, Hacker J. A novel mechanism of phase variation of virulance in Staphylococcus epidermidis: evidence for control of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis by alternating insertion and excision of the insertion sequence element IS256. Mol Microbiol 1999; 32(2): 345-56
  11. Cha JO, Yoo JI, Yoo JS, et al. Investigation of biofilm formation and its association with the molecular and clinical characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013; 4(5): 225-32
  12. Harris LG, Murray S, Pascoe B, et al. Biofilm morphotypes and population structure among Staphylococcus epidermidis from commensal and clinical samples. PLoS One 2016; 11(3): e0151240 13. Freeman DJ, Falkiner FR, Keane CT. New method for detecting sli