Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2018 / Cilt: 52 - Sayı: 3

Detection of Intestinal Parasites with Conventional and Molecular Methods in Follow-up HIV/AIDS Cases

İzlemdeki HIV/AIDS Olgularındaki İntestinal Parazitlerin Konvansiyonel ve Moleküler Yöntemler ile Saptanması

Pages
273–283
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

An overall prevalence of at least one intestinal parasitic infection was recorded as 36.7% and the prevalence of this infection due to Blastocystis spp. was 22.2%, followed by Dientamoeba spp. (13.3%), E.histolytica (4.4%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.3%), Giardia spp. (2.2%) and multiple parasitic infections (7.7%).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several complaints related to the gastrointestinal system, mainly diarrhea can be determined.
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Key Findings & Data:In our study, we aimed to detect the existence of intestinal parasites with conventional methods based on microscopy and with molecular methods based on multiplex-PCR among 90 anti-retroviral treatment (ART) naive or ART adherent HIV/AIDS cases.
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Conclusion & Impact:An overall prevalence of at least one intestinal parasitic infection was recorded as 36.7% and the prevalence of this infection due to Blastocystis spp. was 22.2%, followed by Dientamoeba spp. (13.3%), E.histolytica (4.4%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.3%), Giardia spp. (2.2%) and multiple parasitic infections (7.7%).
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several complaints related to the gastrointestinal system, mainly diarrhea can be determined. In our study, we aimed to detect the existence of intestinal parasites with conventional methods based on microscopy and with molecular methods based on multiplex-PCR among 90 anti-retroviral treatment (ART) naive or ART adherent HIV/AIDS cases. The existence of Giardia spp., Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Dientamoeba spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were searched in stool samples and the relation with the existence of these parasites and demographic/ clinical data of the cases were determined. The demographic and clinical data of the participants included in the study were as follows; the average age was 34.02 ± 9.7 years, average time of diagnosis was 2.4 ± 1.7 years. Gender distribution was as follows; 85.6% male and 14.4% female. HIV transmission was related with heterosexual intercourse in 60%, homosexual intercourse in 33.3%, blood/blood products contact in 1.1% and with unknown routes in 5.6% of the cases. Fifty percent of the patients were in pre-ART and 50% was in on-ART state. The average CD4+ T lymphocyte count was detected as 400 cells/ mm3 and the median of viral load was 114.527 copies/ml. An overall prevalence of at least one intestinal parasitic infection was recorded as 36.7% and the prevalence of this infection due to Blastocystis spp. was 22.2%, followed by Dientamoeba spp. (13.3%), E.histolytica (4.4%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.3%), Giardia spp. (2.2%) and multiple parasitic infections (7.7%). The type of sexual behaviours related with the detection of intestinal parasites were statistically significant especially in homosexual intercourse (p< 0.001). The increase in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts were reversely associated (p= 0.062) and the increase in the levels of viral load were positively associated (p< 0.001) with detection rate of intestinal parasite. The detection of parasites by molecular methods was statistically significant in pre-ART participants (p= 0.002) and participants with diarrhea (p= 0.019). In the present study, the increase in the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections has shown that essential interventions are required. In all HIV/AIDS cases, routine parasitic screening should be performed by more sensitive methods to manage early and specific treatment.

Özet

Geliştirilen tedavi rejimleri sayesinde kronik hastalıklar listesine alınan insan immünyetmezlik virüsü (HIV) enfeksiyonu ile yaşayan bireylerin yaşam süreleri ve yaşam kaliteleri genel popülasyona yaklaşmıştır. Ancak, günümüzde HIV ile enfekte bireylerin bazılarında ishal başta olmak üzere yaşam kalitesini düşüren gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) ile ilişkili çeşitli rahatsızlıklar görülebilmektedir. İmmün sistemi zayıflamış olgular bazı parazit enfeksiyonlarına daha kolay yakalanmaktadırlar. Parazitlerin patojen hale geçmesinde veya patojenitelerinin artmasında konak parazit ilişkileri ve konağın parazitlere karşı olan direncinin azalması veya kaybolması rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tedavi alan/almayan 90 HIV/AIDS olgusundaki intestinal parazitlerin, mikroskopi temelli konvansiyonel ve multipleks-polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) temelli moleküler yöntemlerle saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Olgulardan alınan dışkı örneklerinin Giardia spp., Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Dientamoeba spp. ve Cryptosporidium spp. varlığı açısından incelenmesi ve sonuçların demografik/klinik verilerle ilişkilendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen olguların; yaş ortalamasının 34.02 ± 9.7 yıl, tanı süresi ortalamasının 2.4 ± 1.7 yıl olduğu, olguların %85.6’sının erkek, %14.4’ünün ise kadın olduğu, %60’ında heteroseksüel cinsel temas, %33.3’ünde homoseksüel cinsel temas, %1.1’inde kan/kan ürünleri ile temas, %5.6’sında ise bilinmeyen bulaş yolu öyküsünün olduğu, %50’sinin antiretroviral tedavi (ART) aldığı, %50’sinde ise henüz ART başlanmadığı, CD4+ T lenfosit sayısı ortalamalarının 400 hücre/mm3 ve ortanca viral yük düzeylerinin 114.527 kopya/ ml olduğu belirlenmiştir. Moleküler yöntemler ile 33 (%36.7) olguda en az bir intestinal parazit saptanmış, Giardia spp., Blastocystis spp., E.histolytica, Dientamoeba spp., Cryptosporidium spp. ve çoklu parazit varlığı saptanma oranları sırasıyla; %2.2, %22.2, %13.3, %4.4, %3.3 ve %7.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Cinsel yönelim türü (özellikle homoseksüel cinsel temas) ile parazit saptanma oranları arasındaki ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p< 0.001). Olgularda parazit saptanma sıklığının; CD4+ T lenfosit sayısındaki artış ile ters (p= 0.062), viral yük düzeyindeki artış ile doğru (p< 0.001) orantılı olduğu görülmüştür. Moleküler yöntemler ile parazit saptanmasının ART almayan (p= 0.002) veya ishali olan (p= 0.019) olgularda daha yüksek olduğu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Çalışmada gözlenen intestinal parazit enfeksiyonlarında saptanan artışın müdahale gerektirdiği anlaşılmıştır. Tüm HIV/AIDS olgularında, erken ve özgül tedaviye karar verebilmek için duyarlılığı daha yüksek yöntemlerle rutin parazit taramasının yapılması gerekmektedir.

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Cite This Article

AKGÜL, Ö., YAŞAR, K. K., SAPMAZ, B., UYSAL, H. K., YILDIRMAK, T., ŞİMŞEK, F., KARASAKAL, Ö. F., ÇALIŞKAN, R., ÖNER, Y. A. (2018). Detection of Intestinal Parasites with Conventional and Molecular Methods in Follow-up HIV/AIDS Cases. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 52 - Sayı: 3, 273–283. https://ajindex.com/articles/298352

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